It is a beautiful late Winter morning. You are feeling wonderful, because you have just been to the most exciting Calculus class jet. You've learned the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the result that shows that the two major concepts you've learned about so far are actually related. You really should go to your Chemistry class, but you are far too excited to sit still. So you go to the top of your favorite hill, and yell out "! know the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus! Hoo Hah!"
The crowd that has gathered applauds you. Except for one wild-eyed, hungry-looking stranger. He just says, "The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Feh. Who needs it?"
The crowd looks up at you, to see how you will respond to this challenge. You say, "None of your tornfoolery today, my friend. Surely you cannot doubt the veracity of the cornerstone upon which the calculus rests." The old man takes a small easel out of his trenchcoat, and unfolds a large chalkboard. He starts to speak and write:
"Let g (x) be a specific antiderivative of f(x), that is,
g'(x) = f(x)
Then we can write
a∫x f(t) dt = g(x) for some a
So look at this. Let g(x) = sin x + 5, and f(x) = cos x. Clearly g'(x) = f(x). The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus then says that we can write
a∫x cos t dt = g(x)
sin x - sin = sin x + 5
sin a = -5
But sin a is never -5, by gum! Lies! Lies!" shouts the wild-eyed stranger.
The crowd stares at you. Is he correct? Should Newton have stuck to minding the London mint? Should Leibniz have stayed a librarian at Wolfenbuettel? Or is there a chance, however remote, that the stranger made a mistake in his reasoning? You know the drill: Find the error.