The concept of race has little or no biological validity

Question

Question1. Quotes from the boxers interviewed by Loic Wacquant in his study of an inner-city boxing gym indicate that the boxers.

1. were eager to use their fighting skills to protect themselves on the streets.
2. learned to control violent actions as they learned the craft of boxing.
3. joined the gym to learn violence in an organized setting.
4. were motivated by hate for fellow boxers who trained at other gyms.

Question 2. The most effective short-term strategy controlling on-the-field violence is

1. hiring more women as referees and umpires.
2. sponsoring better training programs for referees and umpires.
3. offering anger management courses to players.
4. assessing fines for team owners and suspending players without pay.*

Question 3. Research suggests that as the amount of contact increases in a sport, athletes

1. increasingly accept violence as a part of sport participation.
2. develop norms that discourage the use of intimidation or violence.
3. purposely use violence to disrupt the flow of action in games.
4. become more motivated to inflict career ending injuries on opponents.

Question 4. Unlike boys labeled as "sissies," girls labeled as "tomboys" often receive praise for their actions. This praise

1. usually continues throughout adolescence and young adulthood.
2. often stops when girls' bodies become sexualized in adolescence.
3. is usually reserved for girls and young women who are top-level athletes.
4. comes primarily from women but not from men.

35 When women athletes engage in sports that involve actions and orientations that do not fit with dominant definitions of femininity, they can lower their chances of being socially marginalized if they

Question 5. In the discussion of increased media coverage of women in sports, it is noted that seeing women athletes on television

1. shows girls that you should not play sports unless you are very good.
2. causes men to be less supportive of sport opportunities for women.
3. turns many girls off to sports because they don't like how the athletes look.
4. is useful because it offsets mixed messages received by women athletes.

Question 6. When sport worlds are male-identified it means that

1. men's lives are the expected focus of attention and stories.
2. men experience insecurities that make them very controlling.
3. the actions of men are used as standards for defining what is right.
4. the characteristics of men are used as standards for qualifications.

Question 7. Recent biological and genetic research suggests that

1. the concept of race has little or no biological validity.
2. people in different races have many deep biological differences.
3. popular racial classification systems are valid biological tools.
4. races have always existed and will always exist in some form.

Question 8. Racial and ethnic exclusion occurs today at the community level, where it is

1. tied to ethnic traditions that discourage sport participation.
2. perpetuated by the racism of people who work in public sport programs.
3. hidden behind participation fees and lack of access to transportation.
4. based on a lack of knowledge about how to organize sports.

Question 9. Class ideology in the United States is organized around (Points : 1)

1. money and happiness.
2. the American Dream and a belief in meritocracy.
3. the importance of fate and luck.
4. a belief that nice people are never successful.

Question 10. Data show that ticket prices at men's professional sports in North America have

1. increased faster than the rate of inflation.
2. stayed about the same if inflation is taken into account.
3. declined dramatically as teams have tried to attract middle-class spectators.
4. been rigidly controlled by the city governments that have funded stadiums.