Define which of the subsequent concerning second ionization energies is true?
a) That of Al is higher than that of Mg for the reason that Mg wants to lose the second electron, so it is easier to take the second electron away.
b) That of Al is higher than that of Mg for the reason that the electrons are taken from the same energy level, but the Al atom has one more proton.
c) That of Al is lower than that of Mg for the reason that Mg wants to lose the second electron, thus the energy change is greater.
d) That of Al is lower than that of Mg for the reason that the second electron taken from Al is in a p orbital, thus it is easier to take.
e) The second ionization energies are equal for Al and Mg.