Surgical preparation of the bone - drill technique
It is essential not to allow the bone to be heated above 47°C during preparation of the site as this will cause bone cell death and prevent osseointegration. This problem may be avoided by:
Using sharp drills
Employing an incremental drilling procedure with increasing diameter drills
Avoidance of excessive speed (no more than 3,000 rpm) and pressure on the drills - ensuring that the drill is withdrawn from the site frequently to allow the bone 'swarf' to clear. This is particularly important in dense/hard bone.