1.Rumolt Motors has 30 million shares outstanding with a price of $15 per share. In addition, Rumolt has issued bonds with a total current market value of $150 million. Suppose Rumolt’s equity cost of capital is 10%, and its debt cost of capital is 5%.
a. What is Rumolt’s pretax weighted average cost of capital?
b. If Rumolt’s corporate tax rate is 35%, what is its after-tax weighted average cost of capital?
2.Summit Builders has a market debt-equity ratio of 0.65 and a corporate tax rate of 40%, and it pays 7% interest on its debt. The interest tax shield from its debt lowers Summit’s WACC by what amount?
3.NatNah, a builder of acoustic accessories, has no debt and an equity cost of capital of 15%. Suppose NatNah decides to increase its leverage and maintain a market debt-to-value ratio of 0.5. Suppose its debt cost of capital is 9% and its corporate tax rate is 35%. If NatNah’s pretax WACC remains constant, what will its (effective after-tax) WACC be with the increase in leverage?
4.Restex maintains a debt-equity ratio of 0.85, and has an equity cost of capital of 12% and a debt cost of capital of 7%. Restex’s corporate tax rate is 40%, and its market capitalization is $220 million.
a. If Restex’s free cash flow is expected to be $10 million in one year, what constant expected future growth rate is consistent with the firm’s current market value?
b. Estimate the value of Restex’s interest tax shield.
5.Acme Storage has a market capitalization of $100 million and debt outstanding of $40 million. Acme plans to maintain this same debt-equity ratio in the future. The firm pays an interest rate of 7.5% on its debt and has a corporate tax rate of 35%.
a. If Acme’s free cash flow is expected to be $7 million next year and is expected to grow at a rate of 3% per year, what is Acme’s WACC?
b. What is the value of Acme’s interest tax shield?
6.Milton Industries expects free cash flow of $5 million each year. Milton’s corporate tax rate is 35%, and its unlevered cost of capital is 15%. The firm also has outstanding debt of $19.05 million, and it expects to maintain this level of debt permanently.
a. What is the value of Milton Industries without leverage?
b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage?
7.Suppose Microsoft has 8.75 billion shares outstanding and pays a marginal corporate tax rate of 35%. If Microsoft announces that it will payout $50 billion in cash to investors through a combination of a special dividend and a share repurchase, and if investors had previously assumed Microsoft would retain this excess cash permanently, by how much will Microsoft’s share price change upon the announcement?
8.Kurz Manufacturing is currently an all-equity firm with 20 million shares outstanding and a stock price of $7.50 per share. Although investors currently expect Kurz to remain an all-equity firm, Kurz plans to announce that it will borrow $50 million and use the funds to repurchase shares. Kurz will pay interest only on this debt, and it has no further plans to increase or decrease the amount of debt. Kurz is subject to a 40% corporate tax rate.
a. What is the market value of Kurz’s existing assets before the announcement?
b. What is the market value of Kurz’s assets (including any tax shields) just after the debt is issued, but before the shares are repurchased?
c. What is Kurz’s share price just before the share repurchase? How many shares will Kurz repurchase?
d. What are Kurz’s market value balance sheet and share price after the share repurchase?
9.Rally, Inc., is an all-equity firm with assets worth $25 billion and 10 billion shares outstanding. Rally plans to borrow $10 billion and use these funds to repurchase shares. The firm’s corporate tax rate is 35%, and Rally plans to keep its outstanding debt equal to $10 billion permanently.
a. Without the increase in leverage, what would Rally’s share price be?
b. Suppose Rally offers $2.75 per share to repurchase its shares. Would shareholders sell for this price?
c. Suppose Rally offers $3.00 per share, and shareholders tender their shares at this price. What will Rally’s share price be after the repurchase?
d. What is the lowest price Rally can offer and have shareholders tender their shares? What will its stock price be after the share repurchase in that case?
10.Suppose the corporate tax rate is 40%, and investors pay a tax rate of 15% on income from dividends or capital gains and a tax rate of 33.3% on interest income. Your firm decides to add debt so it will pay an additional $15 million in interest each year. It will pay this interest expense by cutting its dividend.
a. How much will debt holders receive after paying taxes on the interest they earn?
b. By how much will the firm need to cut its dividend each year to pay this interest expense?
c. By how much will this cut in the dividend reduce equity holders’ annual after-tax income?
d. How much less will the government receive in total tax revenues each year?
e. What is the effective tax advantage of debt τ*?