Self-fulfilling prophecies refer to beliefs or expectations that can bring about enhanced (or impaired) performance. Research by Eden (2003) and his colleagues have demonstrated how self-fulfilling prophecies can affect actual job performance. For example, Eden and Zuk (1995) randomly assigned naval cadets to a control and experimental condition, with those in the experimental condition led to believe that they could overcome seasickness and perform well even during rough seas. Their results showed that those in the experimental condition actually reported less seasickness and performed better than cadets who were assigned to the control condition. Suppose you replicated their study. Below are performance scores from the experimental (X) and control (Y) conditions. (a) Use IBM SPSS to conduct a two-tailed hypothesis test with .01. (b) Although IBM SPSS does not report effect size r, use information in the IBM SPSS output to calculate r.
