Assignment
Russia and China view the importance of cyber and how it is structured within their security procedures. It has a more foundational role than I feel the U.S. is prioritizing. For example, China prioritizes Information Warfare but defines it as informationization - cyber does not really have a term or place from a Chinese point of view (it's a western term?). The Chinese view the dominance of this area as critical to who controls the overall "cyber" network or flow of digital information. These preemptive measures are viewed as important by Chinese standards to not allow an enemy to be able to react when attacked. Russia has a somewhat similar view, they feel that the information ware might be to true third world war. (Kramer) I feel the U.S. sees itself as the leaders and originator of the internet and the digital world, but we likely haven't placed enough priority on protecting information or offensive capabilities to keep pace with our digital rivals. I am not sure that international norms can really be established, as it looks like China/Russia (and possibly other cyber leaders) have a different view than that of the U.S. The overall importance and prioritization of "Cyber" as a field to control for future operations and conflicts is likely already known in those leadership structures, while the U.S. wants to limit others access to what they are behind on - why would Russia or China agree to that?