Assignment:
Pre-Part 1 Understanding Disease discussion post.
This week for Pre-Part 1 of your project, only submit your disease/disorder choices (2 - one communicable and one non-communicable) and your rationale for Part I of the assignment into this discussion area so that your instructor can approve it. Please read the instructions carefully.
You will need to review the "Number of deaths for the leading causes of death" list below and identify those diseases that are communicable and non-communicable.
NOTE: To avoid several students working on the same communicable and non-communicable diseases/disorders, no more than two (2) students will be approved to work on the same disease/disorder.
Clarification:
Communicable diseases are those caused by an infectious agent. For example, the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Covid disease. This disease can be passed from person to person.
Non-Communicable diseases/disorders are those conditions in which the underlying cause is not an infectious agent. For example, breast cancer is a leading cause of death in the US, but it is not caused by an infectious agent. Accidents and Intentional self-harm are considered to be disorders (although it is possible that a psychiatric illness might induce self-harming behavior). These diseases/disorders are not communicable from person to person as infectious diseases are.
Number of deaths for leading causes of death (2019):
• Heart disease: 659,041
• Cancer: 599,601
• Accidents (unintentional injuries): 173,040
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 156,979
• Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 150,005
• Alzheimer's disease: 121,499
• Diabetes: 87,647
• Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 51,565
• Influenza and Pneumonia: 49,783
• Intentional self-harm (suicide): 47,511
Source: Mortality in the United States, 2019, data table for figure 2
• Total number of deaths: 2,854,838
• Death rate: 869.7 deaths per 100,000 population
Source: National Vital Statistics System - Mortality Data (2019) via CDC WONDER
You may select COVID disease as a cause of death due to an infectious agent because preliminary data from 2020 and 2021 indicates that it is a leading cause of death in the US.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-is-on-track-to-become-the-u-s-s-leading-cause-of-death-yet-again1/
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2774465
For example, you could choose breast cancer (noncommunicable disease) and influenza (communicable disease).
PROJECT 1 AND 2.
This is a two-part assignment, in Part I you will select two diseases/disorders one that is communicable (caused by an infectious agent) and one non-communicable which are within the categories of the top causes of death in the US as of 2019. The current data has not yet been updated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to reflect the COVID emergency. You will select and analyze the resources of a communicable disease (caused by an infectious agent) and a non communicable disease/disorder (not caused by an infectious agent).
In Part II you will discuss important characteristics of the diseases/disorders selected.
Part I: Selection of two disorders, their etiology and analysis of resources.
The following information should be included for each Disease:
(a) Name of disease/disorder.
(b) Disease etiology (what is the origin or cause?), why is the disease/disorder communicable or noncommunicable in nature?
c) Three credible sources from journal articles or book chapters for each disease/disorder (a total of six credible sources). Include evidence behind what makes your disease/disorder either communicable or non communicable in nature, and why are they leading causes of death in 2019. Sources need to be credible in order to receive points.
(d) In 3-4 sentences for each source, explain the information you learned that supports your diseases/disorders are top public health threats. You will need to obtain disease/disorder information for your choices that specifically addresses why they are communicable or non-communicable in nature (include risk factors, symptoms, and physiological changes).
(e) Written in your own words (less than 20% quoted material).
(f) Cite the six sources in APA format. Provide full citations to ensure that your instructor can access the full article or book chapter or upload the articles or chapters with your submission. To cite in APA format, include in-text and end-of-text citations.
Part II: Evidence-based Diagnosis
In this section you will discuss the evidence that clinicians gather to diagnose the two diseases/disorders that you selected for Part I. Use only credible sources for your Part II sources
Part II submission should include the following information for both diseases you chose in Part I:
(a) Signs and symptoms of the disease.
(b) Explain the effects of the disease on healthy body structure and function, and how these effects relate to signs and symptoms.
(c) Discuss the tools or diagnostic tests that are used to make the diagnosis. Explain, in general terms, how each tool or test works and how the data from the tool or test conveys the relevant information to the clinician about the body function or structure that is impacted by the disease.
(d) For your Summary, discuss the following ideas:
- What differences and similarities exist between communicable and non-communicable diseases/disorders based on your choices?
- Risk factors
• What are the risk factors for each of the diseases?
• Are any of the risk factors in common?
• Are any risk factors controllable? Why and how?
- How are the diagnostic tools or tests similar or different for the two diseases?
- Discuss at least one promising treatment or cure for each of the diseases you selected.
- Are there societal conditions that predispose these diseases to certain groups (think of race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, gender, age)? If a societal change is the cure (such as decreasing social injustice or less reliance on fossil fuels that pollute the environment), discuss any progress toward societal change.
(e) Written in your own words (less than 20% quoted material)
NOTE: Include your six (6) credible sources.