Question; 1
In class, I introduced two concepts for distinguishing two types of inference.
Inference, itself, is a movement in thought.
Match the following subjects and predicates to make the statements consistent with the definitions (look at the handout).
and the use the process of deductive elimination to learn a third type of inference.
USE THE FOLLOWING TO ANSWER THE QUESTION BELOW:
moves from definitions or generalizations and then follows from its premise conclusevly, moves from observations of some kind and is supported by its premises with some degree of probability, finds patterns and relationships and derives a possiblity from its premises or not
An inductive conclusion
A deductive conclusion
An abductive conclusio
Question 2:
Review the article on Gesture Writing and Ware's argument in Visual Thinking:
true or false
Capturing the cognitive thread can be visual or verbal.
Directions for getting the gist of an image are useless as directions for writing a better novel.
We come equipt with a central processing system that oversees everything that happens.
Getting the gist is the same as capturing the cognitive thread
Depth perception requires visual cues.
The prosecution bears the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt.
Consider two types of conditional statement: necessary conditions and sufficient conditions. Necessary conditions are required. Sufficient conditions are enough for something to be the case/ to happen. Below are four necessary conditions. All four must be met to be sufficient to convict of the crime.
In North Carolina, to be convicted of felonious breaking or entering, the prosecution must prove four things beyond a reasonable doubt.
1. There was a breaking (defined as opening or removal of anything blocking an entry.)
2. Prove that a building was broken into.
3. The owner did not consent to the breaking or entering.
4. That at the time of the breaking or entry the defendant intended to commit some specific felony.
Pamela is charged with breaking or entering and theft of Joe's lawnmower. Pamela claims she has borrowed the lawnmower many times, and that Joe is lying.
Joe's testimony: "I saw my neighbor, Pamela, open my gate to the backyard shed, break its lock and roll my lawnmower away."
Use the definition (the conditions) of breaking or entering, and decide (a) whether Joe's testimony counts for or against convicting Pamela on charges of breaking or entering, and (b) whether there is enough evidence to convict her of breaking or entering.
Select one:
a. Yes, Pamela stole Joe's lawnmower, and there is enough evidence to convict.
b. Yes, but she still cannot be convicted of felony breaking or entering.
c. No, she didn't enter the shed, she only reached in and pulled the lawnmower out.
d. Yes, she broke the lock on the shed. It is a building, and this is enough to convict.
Question 3:
A necessary condition is required, but may not be enough to make the consequent happen.
A sufficient condition is enough to make something happen, but may not be required to make the consequent happen.
Someone is guilty of gambling if only one of the following conditions is met:
1. To play at a game of chance where money is being bet.
or
2. To attend a game of chance where money is being bet.
Decide whether each condition is _____________________ to convict:
Select one:
a. Necessary and sufficient
b. Sufficient
c. necessary
d. Neither necessary nor sufficient
Question 4:
In a deductive argument, if its premises are true, and its structure is valid, then the argument is sound and its conclusion must be true.
(An inductive argument, cannot be sound or valid).
In deductive systems the things involved and the principles or processes involved are defined (operationally defined).
Deductive elimination exercises illustrate how, in a valid deductive argument, if all the premises are true, then the conclusion:
Select one:
a. may or may not be true, and the argument must be sound.
b. its conclusion may or may not be true, and its argument is sound.
c. must be true and the argument is sound.
d. is probably true, and the argument may or may not be sound.