Ang Electronics, Inc., has developed a new DVDR. If the DVDR is successful, the present value of the payoff (when the product is brought to market) is $23.1 million. If the DVDR fails, the present value of the payoff is $8.6 million. If the product goes directly to market, there is a 50 percent chance of success. Alternatively, Ang can delay the launch by one year and spend $1.3 million to test market the DVDR. Test marketing would allow the firm to improve the product and increase the probability of success to 78 percent. The appropriate discount rate is 10 percent. Required: (a) Calculate the NPV of going directly to market now. (Do not include the dollar sign ($). Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars. (e.g., 1,234,567)) NPV $ (b) Calculate the NPV of test marketing first.