Background: The techniques: Bumper Slides are the graphic dividers inserted between major sections of this presentation to serve as clean, quick, and simple transitions. Indexing/Color Coding uses a recurring object as an index, highlighted in different colors to map the different sections of a longer presentation. Icons express relationships among ideas with recognizable symbolic representations. Anchor Objects create continuity with a recurring image that is an integral part of the illustration. Anticipation Space uses empty areas that are subsequently filled, setting up and then fulfilling subliminal expectations. Question: Why are these techniques important in a presentation and which technique is the most effective in a presentation? Why?