A Penn State researcher wants to examine the impacts of regular sex education programs (discussion of human sexuality, condom use, STI and pregnancy prevention) compared to the impacts of A-O programs. Their study design is longitudinal and focuses on 9th grade students at State College High School. During the first week of their freshman year students filled out a survey questionnaire asking them if they had ever had sex or not. Students that said "yes", that already had sexual experiences, were omitted from the study.
All students were required to take a Sex Ed class before graduation, but they could choose which sex ed program they wanted to take:
Regular sex ed
Abstinence only program
One week before high school graduation, students took another survey questionnaire asking them if they ever had sex. After analyzing the results, the researcher found that students who took the regular sex ed class were more likely to have had sex before graduation than students who took the A-O class.
Provide a hypothesis for this observed finding that is consistent with causation.
Provide a hypothesis for this observed finding that is consistent with selection