Problem 1
Jorge Company bottles and distributes B-Lite, a diet soft drink. The beverage is sold for $0.50 per 16-ounce bottle to retailers, who charge customers $0.75 per bottle. For the year 2014, management estimates the following revenues and costs:
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Net sales
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$1,800,000
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Selling expenses - Variable
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$70,000
|
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Direct materials
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430,000
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Selling expenses - Fixed
|
65,000
|
|
Direct labor
|
360,000
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Administrative expenses - Variable
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20,000
|
|
Manufacturing overhead - Variable
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380,000
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Administrative expenses - Fixed
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60,000
|
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Manufacturing overhead - Fixed
|
280,000
|
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Instructions:
(a) Prepare a CVP income statement for 2014 based on management's estimates.
(b) Compute the break-even point in (1) units and (2) dollars.
(c) Compute the contribution margin ratio and the margin of safety ratio.
(d) Determine the sales dollars required to earn a net income of $180,000.
Problem 2
Problem P6-8A Dilithium Batteries is a division of Enterprise Corporation. The division manufactures and sells a long-life battery used in a wide variety of applications. During the coming year it expects to sell 60,000 units for $30.00 per unit. Nyota Uthura is the division manager. She is considering producing either 60,000 or 90,000 units during the period. Other information is presented in the schedule.
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Division Information for 2014
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Beginning inventory
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0
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Expected sales in units
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60,000
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Selling price per unit
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$30.00
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Variable manufacturing costs per unit
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$12.00
|
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Fixed manufacturing overhead costs (total)
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$540,000
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|
Fixed manufacturing overhead costs per unit:
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|
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Based on 60,000 units ($540,000 ÷ 60,000 units)
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$9.00
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Based on 90,000 units ($540,000 ÷ 90,000 units)
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$6.00
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Manufacturing cost per unit:
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|
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Based on 60,000 units ($12.00 variable + $9.00 fixed)
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$21.00
|
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Based on 90,000 units ($12.00 variable + $6.00 fixed)
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$18.00
|
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Variable selling and administrative expenses
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$2.00
|
|
Fixed selling and administrative expenses (total)
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$50,000
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Instructions:
(a) Prepare an absorption costing income statement, with one column showing the results if 60,000 units are produced and one column showing the results if 90,000 units are produced.
(b) Prepare a variable costing income statement, with one column showing the results if 60,000 units are produced and one column showing the results if 90,000 units are produced.
(c) Reconcile the difference in net incomes under the two approaches and explain what accounts for this difference.
(d) Discuss the relative usefulness of the variable costing income statements versus the absorption costing income statements for decision making and for evaluating the manager's performance.