"Painless Heart Attacks More Lethal" reported in 2004 that "people who experience little or no chest pain during a heart attack are more likely to die from the attack."36 International researchers studied data from 20,000 patients; "Of the 1,763 cardiac patients who did not experience chest pain, 13% died in the hospital, compared with 4.3% of those who experienced chest pain."
a. First, use the information provided to report counts observed for patients who did or did not experience chest pain, and those who did or did not die, rounding each to the nearest whole number.
b. Use software to carry out a chi-square test, including a table of expected counts and the individual terms of the chi-square statistic, and tell which one of the following does not contribute significantly to the evidence that pain and survival are related:
1. So many patients who did not have chest pain died.
2. So few patients who did not have chest pain survived.
3. So few patients who had chest pain died.
4. So many patients who had chest pain survived.
c. Which heart attack patients would tend to receive more appropriate treatment in the hospital: those who experience chest pain, or those who experience other symptoms such as shortness of breath, excessive sweating, or nausea and vomiting?