One of the steps of brewing beer at home involves removing the beer from one vat and placing it into a second vat while leaving both floating impurities and bottom sediments behind. This is done with using a siphon, a tube that is positioned and then primed (filled with beer from the first vat). Once the siphon tube has been positioned and primed, beer will flow during the tube until the beer surface in the first vat is level with the tube opening at point A.
The beer in the diagram has density rho = 1010 kg/m^3 and negligible viscosity. The distances shown in the diagram are h1 = 25 cm, h2 = 125 cm, and the siphon tube is very narrow compared to the upper surface area in the first vat.
1. With what speed (vc) does the beer emerge from the tube at point C?
2. If the atmospheric pressure is 1.01 x 10^5 pa, what is (pb) the pressure of the beer at point B?
3. To what maximum height can h1 be increased before the siphon fails and can no longer transfer beer among the vats?