For each of the following decide whether you would compute the number of possible outcomes with a permutation (order matters and without replacement), a combination (order doesn't matter and without replacement), or neither (with replacement). Note you do not need to compute anything. However, you must provide a brief explanation of why you chose your answer.
(a) The university president named 3 new officers: a vice-president of finance, a vice- president of academics, and a vice-president of students.
(b) The university president selected two vice-presidents to attend graduation.
(c) A student checked out four novels from the library at the same time.
(d) A father ordered an ice cream cone for each of his four children. He could choose the flavors among: chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry.