Nd1 and nd2 represent areas under a standard normal


Problem - An analyst wants to use the Black-Scholes model to value call options on the stock of Ledbetter Inc. based on the following data:

  • The price of the stock is $40.
  • The strike price of the option is $40.
  • The option matures in 3 months (t = 0.25).
  • The standard deviation of the stock's returns is 0.40, and the variance is 0.16.
  • The risk-free rate is 6%.

Given this information, the analyst then calculated the following necessary components of the Black-Scholes model:

  • d1 = 0.175
  • d2 = -0.025
  • N(d1) = 0.56946
  • N(d2) = 0.49003

N(d1) and N(d2) represent areas under a standard normal distribution function.  Using the BlackScholes model, what is the value of the call option?

a. $2.81

b. $3.12

c. $3.47

d. $3.82

e. $4.20

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Accounting Basics: Nd1 and nd2 represent areas under a standard normal
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