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Many philosophers of Ancient Greece shared opinions about education and the role of teachers. Socrates believed it wasn't the job of teachers to only regurgitate facts to their students but to guide students to reach the knowledge themselves. He is the namesake and creator of the "Socratic Method" of teaching, where the teacher is expected to ask questions to challenge their students to think more critically and deeper than just superficial thought. With this method, the importance is placed on answers are discovered over the actual answers. It's less focused on pointing out errors as gently guiding students to find corrections on their own.
Plato, a student of Socrates, travelled to learn with some of the greatest scholars of his time and eventually founded what many consider the first true university. It's was Plato's controversial view that women should be afforded equal education opportunities as men and that education should begin earlier in life as this time was crucial to developing necessary attitudes and habits. Plato's suggested curriculum spanned more than just the basics, but included music games, drama, and gymnastics, too.
As for Aristotle, he took a pretty unique approach. It was his belief that "the point of life is the pursuit of happiness." His approach to education was what we call today "active learning," or "learning by doing." Today, this approach is crucial and allows children to have more hands-on and interactive learning experiences which are beneficial to developing crucial skills such as confidence, self-esteem and problem solving skills.
Some of these philosophies are not only relevant to today's teachers and students, but some are actually crucial to today's learning and teaching. The Socratic method has been proven effective many times over and is one of the most prevalent methods used today. By teaching our students to think, learn, research, and create for themselves, we are letting them develop the necessary skills that will help them get farther than just reciting facts or reading textbooks at them. Hands-on experiences add essential aid in the development of significant skills such as self-esteem, problem solving, and self-efficacy. One of the most imperative philosophies of this time is Aristotle's belief that each student should have individualized learning plans and expectations based on their learning style and capabilities. As opposed to students adjusting to our teaching styles, I believe it's more effective for our teaching to be adapted around our students' learning styles.