Assignment:
Part 1
1. Is aerobic respiration more or less efficient than glycolysis? Explain your answer.
2. Why is muscle that has sustained significant damage unable to produce the same amount of power as it could before being damaged?
3. List the general muscle groups of the shoulders and upper limbs as well as their subgroups.
4. Which muscles form the quadriceps? How do they function together?
5. Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why.
Part 2
1. Muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being ________.
a. elastic
b. nonstriated
c. excitable
d. Striated
2. A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________.
a. anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
b. anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the marathon runner
c. aerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
d. glycolysis in the muscles of the marathon runner
3. What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?
a. ATPase activity
b. phosphate bonds
c. carbon bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
4. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Fast fibers have a small diameter.
b. Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils.
c. Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.
d. Fast fibers have many mitochondria.
5. Which of the following is unique to the muscles of facial expression?
a. They all originate from the scalp musculature.
b. They insert onto the cartilage found around the face.
c. They only insert onto the facial bones.
d. They insert into the skin.
6. A muscle that has a pattern of fascicles running along the long axis of the muscle has which of the following fascicle arrangements?
a. circular
b. pennate
c. parallel
d. rectus
7. Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle?
a. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.
b. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from all directions.
c. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from one side.
d. The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle.
8. What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract?
a. oligodendrocyte
b. astrocyte
c. Schwann cell
d. satellite cell
9. Which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest?
a. a thin, unmyelinated axon
b. a thin, myelinated axon
c. a thick, unmyelinated axon
d. a thick, myelinated axon
10. What type of receptor requires an effector protein to initiate a signal?
a. biogenic amine
b. ionotropic receptor
c. cholinergic system
d. metabotropic receptor
11. What is the name for the topographical representation of the sensory input to the somatosensory cortex?
a. homunculus
b. homo sapiens
c. postcentral gyrus
d. primary cortex
12. Which region of gray matter in the spinal cord contains motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles?
a. ventral horn
b. dorsal horn
c. lateral horn
d. lateral column
13. Which of these sensory modalities does not pass through the ventral posterior thalamus?
a. gustatory
b. proprioception
c. audition
d. nociception
14. What does it mean for an action potential to be an "all or none" event?
15. Explain the difference between axial and appendicular muscles.