Problem:
How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph? The researchers observed 75 9th graders in the laboratory as they and their parents tried to resolve common family problems (curfew disagreements, homework disputes). They recorded the degree of hostile parenting (angry and coercive disciplinary tactics). Five to eight years later, when the 9th graders had entered adulthood and become parents themselves, they were observed with their 18-month-old toddlers in a toy-cleanup task. The researchers were thus able to assess the amount of hostile parenting used by these young parents with their own children. The toddlers were evaluated for negative emotional reactivity (anger, distress, struggle) when the researchers restrained their arms. As expected, the young parents who had been treated by their own parents in a hostile and angry fashion when they were in ninth grade were more likely to be hostile toward their own children a decade later. Moreover, the more hostile the young parents were, the more disobedient, aggressive, sullen, and withdrawn their toddlers were. Children's temperaments mattered too: Continuity of parenting was evident only when children were above the median on negative emotional reactivity. In families in which children had more positive temperaments, hostile parenting in the first generation did not predict hostile parenting in the second. Need Assignment Help?