How does the carbon-atom hybridization change when

Question

Part -1:

1. Write the electron configurations for each of the following elements and its ions:
(a) Ti
(b) Ti²⁺
(c) Ti³⁺
(d) Ti⁴⁺

2. The following reactions all occur in a blast furnace. Which of these are redox reactions?

(a) 3Fe₂O₃(s) + CO(g) ? 2Fe₃O₄(s) + CO₂(g)

(b) Fe₃O₄(s) + CO(g) ? 3FeO(s) + CO₂(g)

(c) FeO(s) + CO(g) ? Fe(l) + CO₂(g)

(d) C(s) + O₂(g) ? CO₂(g)

(e) C(s) + CO₂(g) ?2CO(g)

(f) CaCO₃(s) ?CaO(s) + CO₂(g)

(g) CaO(s) + SiO₂(s) ? CaSiO₃ (l)

3. Balance the following equations by oxidation-reduction methods; note that three elements change oxidation state.

Co(NO₃)₂(s) ? Co₂O₃(s) + NO₂(g) + O₂(g)

Part -2:

1. How does the carbon-atom hybridization change when polyethylene is prepared from ethylene?

2. Write the chemical formula, condensed formula, and Lewis structure for each of the following hydrocarbons:

(a) heptane
(b) 3-methylhexane
(c) trans-3-heptene
(d) 4-methyl-1-hexene
(e) 2-heptyne
(f) 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentyne

3. Write Lewis structures and describe the molecular geometry at each carbon atom in the following compounds:

(a) cis-3-hexene
(b) cis-1-chloro-2-bromoethene
(c) 2-pentyne
(d) trans-6-ethyl-7-methyl-2-octene

4. Write two complete, balanced equations for each of the following reactions, one using condensed formulasand one using Lewis structures.

(a) 2-butene reacts with chlorine
(b) benzene burns in air

5. Give the complete IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:

a)

b)

c)

6. Draw the condensed formulas for each of the following compounds:

(a) dipropyl ether
(b) 2,2-dimethyl-3-hexanol
(c) 2-ethoxybutane

7. Write a condensed structural formula, such as CH₃CH₃, and describe the molecular geometry at each carbon atom.

(a) propene
(b) 1-butanol
(c) ethyl propyl ether
(d) cis-4-bromo-2-heptene
(e) 2,2,3-trimethylhexane
(f) formaldehyde

8. The foul odor of rancid butter is caused by butyric acid, CH₃CH₂CH₂CO₂H.

(a) Draw the Lewis structure and determine the oxidation number and hybridization for each carbon atom in the molecule.
(b) The esters formed from butyric acid are pleasant-smelling compounds found in fruits and used in perfumes. Draw the Lewis structure for the ester formed from the reaction of butyric acid with 2-propanol.

9. Write the Lewis structures of both isomers with the formula C₂H₇N.