Assignment:
Let phi:R->S be a homomorphism of commutative rings
a) Prove that if P is a prime ideal of S then either phi^-1(P)=R or phi^-1(P) is a prime ideal of R. Apply this to the special case when R is a subring of S and phi is the inclusion homomorphism to deduce that if P is a prime ideal of S then PR is either R or prime ideal in R
b) Prove that if M is a maximal ideal of S and phi is surjective then phi^-1(M) is maximal ideal of R. Give an example to show that this need not be the case if phi is not surjective.
Provide complete and step by step solution for the question and show calculations and use formulas.