Problem: Reply to discussion post: An example of aviation psychology influencing outcomes can be seen in spatial disorientation accidents, particularly those involving the "graveyard spiral." In these cases, pilots may cognitively trust false sensory perceptions rather than flight instruments, often due to inadequate instrument cross-check, stress, or overconfidence. Psychological factors such as expectation bias and reduced situational awareness can lead pilots to misinterpret aircraft attitude, resulting in loss of control (SKYbrary, 2026). Conversely, aviation physiology helps explain incidents involving fatigue-related performance degradation. Circadian rhythm disruption and sleep deprivation have been shown to impair reaction time, attention, and decision-making similarly to alcohol intoxication. For example, long-haul or night operations can lead to micro-sleeps or delayed responses, directly increasing the risk of errors during critical phases of flight (FAA, 2026). Need Assignment Help?