Problem: Write a reply to this post. Szalavitz pushes back against framing addiction as a matter of either moral failing or a simple disease. Szalavitz's work posits that substance use disorders are not solely the result of personal failings or brain malfunctions but are instead learned responses shaped by the environment, traumatic experiences, and reward systems (2016). Szalavitz presents research surrounding addiction through the lens of neuroscience. She frequently includes her own experiences with addiction and the process of getting better. Szalavitz's assertion that addiction is learned could be implemented in treatment by utilizing harm reduction methods with clients who use drugs. Working from a place of safety and using a bottom-up approach can be more effective than requiring clients to abstain before receiving help. From a family systems perspective, if addiction is learned, then the family can learn new ways of being with their loved one who uses drugs that do not involve shaming or further disconnecting. Family members can be taught that substance use is the nervous system's way of coping. I believe that coupling Szalavitz's framework with some of Stephen Porges' work on Polyvagal Theory could be extremely beneficial in working with addiction. Porges (2011) emphasizes the need for relationship and connection and offers many somatic interventions that allow clients to feel more regulated and better able to reconnect with others. Need Assignment Help?