Question 1: Explain Tinbergen's four problems in ethology.
Discuss why another aspect is sometimes added to form the five approaches to ethology, and show how the four problems may be organized in a structured manner.
Outline one possible research question for each of the four problems on the subject of the nest- provisioning behaviour of wasps.
Question 2: Describe the physiological organization of behaviour in invertebrates, with emphasis on the integration of sensory and motor pathways, feedback, and the timing of behaviour in relation to daily and seasonal events.
Question 3: Explain one model of optimal foraging in a patchy environment. Outline the evidence in support of this or another model of optimal foraging.
Question 4: Define associative learning. Discuss the timing of stimuli necessary if associative learning is to occur. Discuss generalization and insight as types of complex learning, and note the range of taxa which demonstrate each of them.
Question 5: Describe the languages of vervet monkeys and of honeybees. Contrast the use of language by the two species in terms of the amount of information that can be passed between individuals and the extent to which each language is instinctive or learned.