Discussion:
Q1: Before one can begin a research study, they often identify a problem that needs further scrutiny due to a gap in the literature (Creswell, 2014). In a quest to investigate youth violence by ethnicity and sex in Hawaii, Hishinuma et al (2015) identified that Asian American and Pacific Islander's had not been studied relative to this topic despite them accounting for 50% of the population. As well, the author identified that only cyberbullying was emphasized in previous studies, even excluding European Americans which were a primary ethnic group in previous studies (Hishinuma et al, 2015). So yes, in my opinion, the research question is a logical extension of the purpose of the study which is exploratory in nature (Babbie, 2017).
This is a qualitative study whereby a survey was used to address the previous understudied as it relates to a differentiation of perpetration and victimization as well as physical and nonphysical violence (Hishinuma et al, 2015). This research method is appropriate in order to establish the ‘what' because of the purposive sampling logic (Burkholder, Cox, & Crawford, 2016). Hishinuma et al (2015) administered the survey in two different public high schools, recruiting students that attended mandatory courses so that all students would be represented. The questions were designed to determine ethnicity, sex (among a few other socioeconomic indicators), physical and nonphysical violence acts (including frequency, as well as perpetration and victimization (Hishinuma et al, 2015). In my opinion, this ‘what' is the phoneme of the 'minority effect'; that is that ‘minorities' were at greater risk of victimization, which Hishinuma et al (2015) hypothesize.
I would say then from a policy perspective, the study could develop if not improve, prevention and intervention programs. Hishinuma et al (2015) suggests further research on why the minority effect exists.
References:
Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner's guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.
Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Hishinuma, E. S., Chang, J. Y., Goebert, D. A., Helm, S., Else, I. R. N., & Sugimoto-Matsuda, J. (2015). Interpersonal youth violence perpetration and victimization in a diverse Asian American and Pacific Islander adolescent sample. Violence and Victims, 30(2), 225-249. doi:0.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00043
Q2: When you are implementing research, you are simply testing theories. It is a system for clarifying how the world is the way it is". Do you think that people should accept the outcome of their research without questioning it or should they strive to bring change by providing new ideas that may be better?
Q3: The study I read is a study called turnover voluntary turnover and organizational performance -evidence from municipal police departments written by Yongbeom Hur. The article study seeks to find out if "Sworn officer's turnover had negative effects on crime occurrence rates in municipal police departments and Sworn officer's voluntary turnover has more negative effects on crime occurrence rates than involuntary turnover" (Hur, Y, 2013). To answer his hypothesis Hur collects date from three different sources, which were "sworn officer's turnover, number of sworn officers, and yearly operating budget for police departments were obtained from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics" (Hur, Y, 2013). I think the author did a good job of considering variables with this research because many factors can skew the results of this type of study. For example, in this study, he does state "While individuals' decisions for resignation can be affected by factors such as individual characteristics and perceptions, organizational characteristics, and economic labor market situations, major reasons include a low level of job satisfaction and better job opportunities" (Hur, Y, 2013). The results of the study do "confirm the reason regarding why sworn officers' turnover has been one of the major concerns for police chiefs and suggests a different way of understanding turnover effects in the public sector" (Hur, Y, 2013). Overall I think the author did a good job presenting, testing, and answering his hypothesis according to the research questions and hypotheses Checklist.
Reference:
Hur, Y. (2013). Turnover, voluntary turnover, and organizational performance: Evidence from municipal police departments. Public Administration Quarterly, 37(1), 3-35.