Problem: Conclusions: Findings of the present study emphasize the benefits of supportive parenting and the detriments of suppressive parenting in fostering self-regulation skills across childhood and adolescence. While the directionality of these associations was unsurprising, the alignment in magnitude and therefore near-perfectly antagonistic roles for establishing children's independent regulation is a striking new contribution to developmental science. The inclusion of passive parenting did not yield significant main effects for the child self-regulation outcome, but the positive trend observed provides a baseline for future reviews to build upon. Our evaluation of differential effects attributable to measurement method indicated that children's measurement of supportive parenting may be expedited with the use of observation or child report (when developmentally appropriate). But measurement of suppressive parenting may still warrant corroboration across multiple reporting methods for more precise conclusions to be drawn. Further, we recommend the utilization of both observational and reported measures of child self-regulation skills when possible regardless of which parenting behavior is of focal interest. Implications of these meta-analyses include continued tailoring of intervention programs to include responsive parenting training and strategies to reduce punitive discipline. When strategies are framed in the context of autonomy support, not just "good" or "bad" parenting. Need Assignment Help?