Do phylogenetically proximal species have cells with proximal chromosome counts?
The number of chromosomes typical of every species is proximal for phylogenetically proximal species (for instance, orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee and human). But it is not impossible that evolutionary distant species, like rat and oat, bears same karyotypes and the similar total number of chromosomes.
Even presenting equal number of chromosomes evolutionary distant species have radically dissimilar characteristics as the quantity and the sequence of nucleotides that compose their respective DNA molecules are quite dissimilar.