Complete the mcq:
1. The GLOBE study:
Distinguishes between organizational cultures and national cultures.
Does not distinguish between organizational cultures and national cultures
Never distinguishes between subcultures in some nations for which data was collected
Distinguishes between subcultures in all 62 nations for which data was collected
2. Under Confucianism dynamics, orientations can be either:
Long-term or short-term
Paternal or individualistic
Adaptable or subordinate
Political or idealistic
3. Hofstede identifies a strong tendency or masculinity with a high tendency for uncertainty avoidance in:
The Scandinavian cluster
The Asian Tigers clusters
The German speaking cluster
The Gallic cluster
4. Individualism vs. collectivism refers to:
How government agencies act towards citizens
The extent to which individual initiative and responsibility to close family is valued in society as contrasted to group initiative and responsibility to an extended definition of family as socially valued
The extent to which individuals relate to the government as opposed to individuals being alienated from their government
The extent to which individual achievements are socially recognized and rewarded as opposed to recognition of wider social collectives - groups, organizations, etc.
5. According to Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, members of specified cultures:
See business relationship more personally
Take subjective and contextual variables into consideration when making a decision
Demand precise, unobjective analysis of circumstances and presentation of results
Emphasize intentions and emotions in making a decision
6. A major criticism of cross-cultural management studies is:
The construct of "culture" is undefined or inadequately defined and/or operationalized at the start of the study.
The construct of "culture" is defined too specifically for use across nations.
Research is done almost exclusively from a North American perspective.
There have been too few cross cultural research studies completed to assess the research.
7. Hofstede's approach to cross cultural management research:
Has been the subject of ongoing debate and criticism.
Has been largely ignored by other researches
Has been almost universally accepted
Has not been integrated into a wide range of alternative cross cultural research projects
8. Hall and Hall's research:
Focuses on the relationship between geography and culture
Focuses on the relationship between regional resource bases on culture
Focuses on the relationship between communication and culture
Focuses on the relationship between faith and culture
9. According to the results of the Hofstede study:
U.S. culture is characterized more by collectivity behavior, unlike Anglo Saxon countries such as Australia or the United Kingdom
U.S. culture is characterized more by collectivity behavior, like Anglo Saxon countries such Australia or the United Kingdom
U.S. culture is characterized more by individualist behavior, unlike Anglo Saxon countries such as Australia or the United Kingdom.
U.S. culture is characterized more by individualist behavior, like Anglo Saxon countries such as Australia or the United Kingdom.
10. According to researchers like Barry Gerhart:
Cross-cultural research emphasizes the influence of culture and business practices
Cross-cultural research actually understates the influences of culture on business practices
Cross cultural research as yet to show any influence of culture on business practices
Cross cultural research is insufficient in quantity or quality of findings to make any judgment of how culture may or may not influence business practices
11. Hofstede's study is classified or based on:
Cultures
Ethnic subgroup
Countries
Common cultural regions
12. One criticism of the GLOBE study is:
That the research team is too much weighted to North American researchers
The dimensions are less refined and detailed than Hofstede's dimensions of culture
The research focuses too much on very small firms
The focus of the study is only in three industries - finance, food, and telecommunications
13. Cultures develop over time:
So quickly and so unpredictable that studies become almost immediately obsolete
In a very slow and predictable manner
Such that surface level artefacts may change relatively quickly, but deeper behaviors and assumptions may take much longer to change
Inevitably toward a convergent, single "superculture"
14. Hall and Hall's research emphasizes four cultural dimensions:
Context of communications, spatial orientation, the concept of time and information speed
Context of communications, precision of communications, objectivity in communication and information speed
Context of communication, privacy of communication, the concept of time and information speed
Context of communications, spatial orientation, distribution of communication and feedback mechanisms
15. According to Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, societies that attempt to control nature to a very high degree are described as having:
External control
Internal control
Distinct control
General control