Problem:
Merando Corporation produces two grades of wine from grapes that it buys from California growers. It produces and sells roughly 600,000 gallon jugs per year of a low-cost, high-volume product called Valley Fresh. Merando also produces and sells roughly 200,000 gallons per year of a low-volume, high-cost product called Merando Valley. Merando Valley is sold in 1-liter bottles. Based on recent data, the Valley Fresh product has not been as profitable as Merando Valley. Management is considering dropping the inexpensive Valley Fresh line so it can focus more attention on the Merando Valley product. The Merando Valley product already demands considerably more attention than the Valley Fresh line.
Frankie Merando, president and founder of Merando, is skeptical about this idea. He points out that for many decades the company produced only the Valley Fresh line, and that it was always quite profitable. It wasn't until the company started producing the more complicated Merando Valley wine that the profitability of Valley Fresh declined. Prior to the introduction of Merando Valley, the company had simple equipment, simple growing and production procedures, and virtually no need for quality control. Because Merando Valley is bottled in 1-liter bottles, it requires considerably more time and effort, both to bottle and to label and box, than does Valley Fresh. The company must bottle and handle 4 times as many bottles of Merando Valley to sell the same quantity as Valley Fresh, since there are approximately 4 liters in a gallon. Valley Fresh requires 1 month of aging; Merando Valley requires 1 year. Valley Fresh requires cleaning and inspection of equipment every 2,500 gallons; Merando Valley requires such maintenance every 250 gallons. Frankie has asked the accounting department to prepare an analysis of the cost per gallon using the traditional costing approach and using activity-based costing. The following information was collected.
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|
|
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Expected Use
of Cost Drivers
per Product
|
|
Activity Cost Pool
|
Cost Driver
|
Estimated
Overhead
|
Expected
Use of
Cost
Drivers
|
Valley Fresh
|
Merando Valley
|
|
Grape processing
|
Cart of grapes
|
$ 146,000
|
8,000
|
6,000
|
2,000
|
|
Aging
|
Total months
|
420,000
|
3,000,000
|
600,000
|
2,400,000
|
|
Bottling and
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Number of
|
|
|
|
|
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corking
|
bottles
|
210,000
|
1,400,000
|
600,000
|
800,000
|
|
Labeling and
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
boxing
|
bottles
|
140,000
|
1,400,000
|
600,000
|
800,000
|
|
Maintain and
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
inspect equipment
|
inspections
|
234,000
|
1,040
|
240
|
800
|
|
|
$1,150,000
|
|
|
|
Instructions
Answer each of the following questions. (Round all calculations to three decimal places.)
(a) Under traditional product costing using direct labor hours, compute the total manufacturing cost per gallonof both products.
(b) Under ABC, prepare a schedule showing the computation of the activity-based overhead rates (per cost driver).
(c) Prepare a schedule assigning each activity's overhead cost pool to each product, based on the use of cost drivers. Include a computation of overhead cost per gallon.
(d) Compute the total manufacturing cost per gallon for both products under ABC.
(e) Write a memo to Frankie Merando discussing the implications of your analysis for the company's plans. In this memo, provide a brief description of ABC as well as an explanation of how the traditional approach can result in distortions.