DISCUSSION: Significance and Power
How would changing the alpha or the beta of a study affect the results or interpretations? How would a smaller alpha affect the statistical significance of a study result? For clinical significance? What is the difference between statistical and clinical significance?
Module Case Assignment: ODDS RATIO, RELATIVE RISK, AND ANOVA
Case Assignment
Using the materials in the module homepage and in the background section, please address the following:
1. Define and describe each of the measures of association: OR, RR, ANOVA, and Correlations. (1 page)
2. Provide an example of a study that uses each of the six types of analyses (OR, RR, ANOVA, correlations, chi-square, t-tests). (1- to 2-pages)
3. How are OR and RR different? What types of studies use OR versus RR? (1 page)
Assignment Expectations
Length: Case Assignment should be at least 3 pages (750 words) in length.
References: At least two references from academic sources must be included (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). You may use any required readings from this module for your two references. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA formatting recommended).
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to each question.
The following items will be assessed in particular:
• Achievement of learning outcomes for Case Assignment.
• Relevance: all content is connected to the question.
• Precision: specific question is addressed; statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
• Depth of discussion: points that lead to deeper issues are presented and integrated.
• Breadth: multiple perspectives, references, and issues/factors considered.
• Evidence: points are well supported with facts, statistics, and references.
• Logic: presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
• Clarity: writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
• Objectivity: use of first person and subjective bias are avoided.
Module Home: ODDS RATIO, RELATIVE RISK, AND ANOVA
Modular Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:
• Case
o Discuss the difference between OR, RR, ANOVA, and correlations; note which measures should be used for which type of study.
• SLP
o Analyze the OR and RR and interpret each accurately.
• Discussion
o Discuss the implications of alpha and beta for a study.
Module Overview
In order to select the correct statistical tests, the first step is to analyze the exposure (risk factor) and outcome (disease) of interest. If there is just one exposure of interest, then the appropriate analytical method is chi-square, t-test, or one-way ANOVA. For variables with two or more categories, a chi-square test is used (e.g., comparing the number of people with diabetes among men versus among women). For continuous variables (e.g., blood pressure, BMI, fasting glucose, etc.), the statistical test is either the t-test for comparing two categories (e.g., men versus women) or one-way ANOVA for comparing more than two categories (e.g., among different racial groups).
For examining the relationship between an exposure or outcome variable, the most commonly used statistics are correlations, logistical regression, and linear regression. Correlations are used for more than one risk factor or exposure variable. Logistical regression analyzes a binary outcome (or disease status), whereas linear regression analyzes a continuous outcome (e.g., bone mineral density, fast glucose level, etc.).
Module readings will cover correlations, ANOVA, relative risk, and the odds ratio
Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
1. The answer should be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
2. The response also includes a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
3. Also include a reference page. The Citations and references should follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.
Attachment:- Backgroud.rar