An oil supertanker has a tank capacity of half a million metric tons of crude oil (SG = 0.86). Assume that the ship can be approximated as a rectangle (length 400 m, width 65 m), with a mass of about 230,000 metric tons. When the ship is unloaded, it is necessary to take on sea water ballast to maintain sufficient draft to keep the propellers in the water-the minimum draft required for this is 20 m.
Find:
(a) Determine the maximum draft of the fully oil-loaded tanker.
(b) Determine the fraction of the tanker than needs to be filled with sea water to achieve the minimum required draft.