Assignment:
Textbook Assignment.Answer the questions using ONLY the textbook as your resource. Once completed, enter your answers online. There are a mixture of multiple choice, true/false and fill in the blank questions. For the fill in the blank questions that require you to enter the answer you MUST spell correctly otherwise you will not receive credit for the answer, no exceptions.
1. In molecules of DNA, the nitrogenous base guanine will only pair with ______________.
a. Thymine
b. Uracil
c. Cytosine
d. Adenine
2. In molecules of DNA, the nitrogenous base thymine will only pair with
a. Guanine
b. Uracil
c. Cytosine
d. Adenine
3. RNA is a single stranded molecule, unlike the double stranded DNA, and replaces _______________ with ______________.
a. Thymine, uracil
b. Guanine, uracil
c. Adenine, uracil
d. Cytosine, uracil
4. Chargaff's research had shown that there are four monomers in DNA, in which two are always present in equal amounts and the other two are always in equal amounts. We know that these monomers are the _________________ of DNA.
a. Amino acids
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Nucleotides
d. Hydrogen bonds
e. Nitrogenous bases
5. A DNA nucleotide is composed of the sugar ___________________, a ___________________ group, and a _____________________ base.
a. Ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous
b. Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous
c. Ribose, nitrogenous, phosphate
d. Deoxyribose, nitrogenous, phosphate
6. The shape of DNA, as describes by Watson and Crick, is a spiral _________________________.
7. In the double strand of DNA, one strand may have the nucleotide sequence of TGGCAAG, meaning that its complementary strand will have the sequence ___________________.
a. CAATGGA
b. GCCATTA
c. UCCGUUC
d. ACCGTTC
8. A person's telomeres will:
a. Not change with age
b. Get shorter with age
c. Get longer with age
9. The enzyme which builds a new strand of DNA by adding building blocks of nucleotides is known as _________________.
a. DNA polymerase
b. Helicase
c. Telomerase
d. Okazaki fragments
e. DNA ligase
10. Because DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in a 5' to 3' direction of the continuously synthesized leading strand, the new strand is put together in short pieces called ________________________.
a. Helicase enzyme
b. DNA polymerase
c. Telomerase
d. Okazaki fragments
e. DNA ligase
11. On the lagging strand, the enzyme _________________ is necessary to bind the Okazaki fragments into one continuous strand.
a. DNA polymerase
b. Telomerase
c. DNA ligase
d. Helicase enzyme
12. If the DNA repair mechanisms fail to correct a defect in nucleotide sequencing, a permanent change known as a __________________ may result.
13. As the enzyme helicase opens and "unzips" the two strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds, a Y-shaped ________________________ forms.
a. Lagging strand
b. Leading strand
c. Okazaki fragment
d. Replication fork
14. One large difference between transcription and translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that, in prokaryotes:
a. Translation occurs simultaneously with transcription
b. Translocation occurs after transcription
c. Both transcription and translation occur in the nucleus
d. mRNA is not needed, as there is no nuclear membrane barrier
e. mRNA is much more stable and long lasting
15. The _______________ provides the code, which is read and transmitted by ______________, to assemble all the __________________________ of the body.
a. RNA, DNA, amino acids
b. DNA, RNA, proteins
c. Amino acids, DNA, RNA
d. DNA, RNA, amino acids
16. For DNA to be transcribed, it must partially unwind to allow the mRNA to form. This area is referred to as the _______________________.
a. Replication fork
b. Translation bubble
c. Promotor
d. Transcription bubble
17. The type of RNA which transcribes the DNA is ________________.
a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. sRNA
18. The portion of mRNA that does not code for functional protein is referred to as a/an __________________.
a. Intron
b. Exon
c. Promoter
d. Transcription bubble
19. It takes _______________ nucleotides to code for one __________________.
a. 3, mRNA
b. 3, amino acid
c. 2, protein
d. 2, amino acid
20. The portion of a gene which codes for protein formation is referred to as a/an_____________.
a. Nucleotide cap
b. Intron
c. Promoter
d. Transcription bubble
e. Exon
21. If the tRNA anticodon reads AUG CCU CAC AUC AUG, what was the original DNA template strand?
a. ATG CCY CAC ATC ATG
b. CAU AA AGA UGA GAC
c. UTG CCU ACA GCU UAC
d. AUG CCU CAC AUC AUG
22. How many amino acids would be in a peptide which was coded for by this sequence of codons: 5' AUGCCUCACAUCAUG 3' ?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
23. The _______________ is an organelle composed of a small subunit which stabilizes the mRNA template, and a large subunit which binds to tRNA, tasked with transporting amino acids.
24. A codon is composed of ______ nucleotides, which will code for one of ___________ amino acids, which will create hundreds of thousands of different proteins.
a. 2, 20
b. 2, 16
c. 3, 20
d. 3, 18
e. 4, 20
25. The gene expression for protein synthesis is prokaryotes is:
a. Continuous
b. Controlled by whether or not the protein is needed
c. Occurs only at the translational level
d. Occurs only at the epigenetic level
26. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription only occurs in the ______________ and translation happens only in the ____________________.
a. Nucleus, nucleolus
b. Cytoplasm, nucleus
c. Nucleus, cytoplasm
27. You have the same DNA in the muscle cells of your big toe as you do in the cells of your pancreas and brain. What protein is used to build which cell is regulated by _____________________.
28. What is the purpose of Biotechnology?
a. Use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes
b. Used for improving livestock and crops since the beginning of agriculture through selective breeding
c. The primary applications of this technology are in medicine and in agriculture
d. All of these
29. Genetic engineering has successfully transferred genes from eukaryotic cells into which of the following organism(s)?
a. Bacteria
b. Animals
c. Plants
d. All of these
30. The name of the small DNA fragment used to determine if the complementary sequence is present in a DNA sample.
a. Plasmid
b. Probe
c. Dolly
d. Clone
31. What is the name coined for an entire set of DNA molecules in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms?
32. What is the small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria?
a. Plasmid
b. Probe
c. Dolly
d. Clone
33. What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
a. A hybrid organism
b. A plant with certain genes removed
c. An organism with an artificially altered genome
d. Any agricultural organism produced by breeding or biotechnology
34. What carries a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell?
a. Polymerase chain reaction
b. A restriction enzyme
c. An electrophoresis gel
d. Plasmid
35. Which of the following processes of testing is used for the presence of disease-causing genes?
a. Genetic testing
b. Genetic engineering
c. Gene therapy
d. Genetic recombination
36. Which technique is used to cure inheritable diseases by replacing mutant genes with good genes?
a. Genetic diagnosis
b. Genetic testing
c. Genetic therapy
d. All of these
37. What is produced on a large scale by cultivating and manipulating fungal cells?
a. Hormones
b. Vaccine
c. Antibiotics
38. What are the products obtained by recombinant DNA technology?
a. Hormones
b. Vaccine
c. Antibiotics
d. All of these
39. What is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species?
40. Which intracellular organelle DNA mutates at a rapid rate and is often used to study evolutionary relationships?