Term Project
Find a commercial auditable entity (a company, other organization, or part of one). You may not use an organization which is not a for-profit entity. You may not use a church, synagogue, mosque, nor other religious entity.
2. Define the auditable entity.
3. Describe the business model of the entire entity. How does the entity receive resources? How does the entity earn a profit? Merely saying that it sells something does not tell how it earns a profit; I could set up a business selling dollar bills for five cents each, and I might sell a lot of dollar bills, but I would not earn a profit from this business.
For example, if it is a for-profit business, how does it attract customers? Are its customers buying staple goods, convenience goods, shopping goods, or luxury goods? Explain why these are staple goods, convenience goods, shopping goods, or luxury goods. You should have learned these terms in your first marketing course. (If you were to audit such a not-for-profit organization in the future, after graduation, does it receive funds through contributions, member dues, contracts to provide social services, etc.?)
4. If the auditable entity is less than the entire entity, how does the auditable entity fit into the entire entity? If the auditable entity is the entire entity, say so.
5. What is the particularized (not general) professional literature which an auditor should be aware of, if applicable? Do not include the material in the standards and related rules or general audit manual, but do include particular FASB statements (SFAS's), ASB statements, industry audit guides available from the AICPA, applicable standards from the GASB, regulatory accounting requirements, etc. which apply to this client. Two good sources to use to check for such professional literature are the AICPA (www.aicpa.org) and a related store (www.cpa2biz.com). Also check any professional literature we have at this educational institution, including in electronic form.
6. Track down and read the COSO (Council of Sponsoring Organizations) document on risk. (Note to students: The Department of Accounting has been successful during the past two to three years in obtaining a site license to various authoritative professional literature. If we are able to do so again this academic year, check to see whether the COSO literature is 4 included.) Tell whether you read the document. Whether or not you actually read the document, tell what you did to try to find the document.
7. What are the most important business risks to the client entity associated with this entire entity and with this auditable entity? (Think of business risks to the client entity as things which could go wrong, or other things which could have a significant negative effect on the client's
business.)
8. What are the most important business risks to the audit firm associated with this entire entity and with this auditable entity? (Think of business risks to the audit firm as things which could happen that would somehow the reputation of the audit firm, even though the audit firm did its work correctly and rendered the correct report.)
9. What are the most important audit risks associated with this entire entity and with this auditable entity? If you were actually doing a financialstatement audit of the entity, what would you do to assure that you could gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence to formulate the proper opinion on the financial statements of this entity? (Think of audit risks as those things peculiar to the client and to the auditable entity which might make the auditors think they had done a good job which supports an unqualified opinion when in fact the opinion should be qualified, disclaimed, or adverse.)
10. Prepare a report to be presented to the teacher, the class, and possibly to some guests. Do not full justify your report; left justify, which leaves aragged right edge. The report should include at least:
a. Define the auditable entity.
b. Explain the type of entity (small retail store, stand-alone franchise unit of a restaurant chain, hotel owned and operated by a chain, manufacturer of pink left-handed widgets, etc.).
c. If the auditable entity is less than the entire entity, how does it fit into the entire entity? What decisions does it make locally, and what decisions are made at some upper level?
d. What is the particularized (not general) professional literature which an auditor should be aware of, if applicable? Do not include the material in the standards and related rules or general audit manual, but do include particular FASB statements (SFAS's), ASB statements, industry audit guides available from the AICPA, applicable standards from the GASB, regulatory accounting requirements, etc. which apply to this client. Two good sources to use to check for such professional literature are the AICPA (www.aicpa.org) and a related store (www.cpa2biz.com). Also 5 check any professional literature we have at this educational institution, including in electronic form.
e. Tell whether you read the COSO (Council of Sponsoring Organizations) document on risk. Whether or not you actually read the document, tell what you did to try to find the document.
f. Are customers of the auditable entity buying staple goods, convenience goods, shopping goods, or luxury goods? What evidence or persuasive argument do you present in support of this?
g. What is the business model of the overall entity? (In other words, how does the company earn a profit?) Note that saying the company sells some products or services tells little or nothing about how it earns a profit. Someone can sell genuine U.S. dollar bills for five cents each, and sell lots of dollar bills, but he will not make a profit.
h. What are the business risks to the client particular to this entity, whether they are due to industry, company size, or other factors? (example: The company is in the telecommunications industry, which presently is plagued by overcapacity. This puts pressure on both the quantity of business it can obtain and on the price it can charge to its customers. It may therefore be difficult to perform a test concerning whether the company is likely to continue in business for one year beyond the date of the financial statements.)
i. What are the business risks to the auditor associated with accepting an engagement to do an audit of this entity? (example: The prior auditors state that there were no disagreements over accounting principles nor proposed audit adjustments with the company's management, but they increased their fee quotation by 45% from the preceding fiscal year. This may be an indication that there are undisclosed problems related to this company.)
j. What are the audit risks associated with this entity, whether they be due to industry, company size, or other factors? (example: The company is very small, so it probably has poor internal controls related to segregation of duties.)
k. Properly cite the sources of information used, and properly quote when material is quoted.