Problem:
Rewrite in your own words. Evidence from similar state policies shows that when retention is paired with robust supports-such as summer remediation and coaching-students demonstrate short-term reading gains (Hwang & Koedel, 2022; Mumma & Winters, 2023). However, systematic reviews caution that retention effects vary widely and may fade over time if ongoing supports are lacking (Goos et al., 2021). Importantly, equity concerns remain, since retention can disproportionately affect marginalized student groups if interventions are not applied consistently (ADE, 2023). Need Assignment Help?