Define the concept of aggregation. Give two examples where this concept is useful.
Ans: Aggregation transforms a relationship among the objects into a higher-level object. A new data type known as aggregate is developed which, under specific criteria of "well-definedness," defines aggregation abstractions. Relational databases illustrated as collections of aggregates are structured like a hierarchy of n-ary relations. To keep well-definedness, update operations on such type of databases must keep two invariants. Well-defined relations are different from relations in third normal form. It is displayed that these notions are complementary and both are significant in database design. A top-down method for database design is described that separates decisions concerning aggregate structure from decisions concerning key identification. It is suggested that aggregate types, and other sorts which support real-world abstractions with no introducing Key identification.