Describe the differences between groups and teams.
- Group- two or more freely interacting people with showed norms and goals and common identity.
- Team-
Define each stage of group formation and relevant research findings; what do members ask at each stage?What should a leader do at each stage?
- Describe role challenges and their managerial implications.
- Role challenges:
o Role conflicts: others have conflicting or inconsistent expectation
o Role ambiguity: not knowing what is expected of the role holder
o Role overload: others expectations exceeds one's ability
- Managerial implication: one's ability to be alert and detect signs of overload (mistakes, absence, from work, missing deadlines)
- Intervene- Talk to employees, help prioritize task, eliminate unassay tasks, Carefully scheduling activities.
- Define norms and ways they are developed; How do norms support or hinder group success?
- Norms: shared attitudes, opinions, feeling or actions that guide social behavior
o How are norms developed?
- Explicit statement from supervisors/coworkers
- Critical events- in group history. Ex. On time class dismissal
- Primary- initial actions/ behavior persist
- Carryover behaviors- from past situations
- Norms help group survive, clarify expectation, avoid embarrassment clarify values/uniqueness.
- Explain the different types of task vs. maintenance roles (e.g., harmonizer, energizer, etc.)
- Task roles- enables groups to define, clarify, pursue purpose
- Maintenance roles- foster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships.
o Task roles- keep group on track/ maintenance-keep group together
- Focus on Accomplishinggoals
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Initiators
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Encourager
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coordinator
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Harmonizer
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Energizer
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Compromiser
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Recorder
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Gate keeper
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Explain the two threats to group effectiveness and what can be done to combat each (groupthink, socialloafing); How can threats to group effectiveness impact group decision making?
- Group thinker- Janis term for a cohesive in- group's unwillingness to realistically view alternatives.
o Assign group members roles- voicing objective and doubts.
o Explore policy questions
o Introduce fresh perspective
o One should be given role devil's advocate
o Everyone is encourage to rethink their positions to check flaws
- Social loafing - Decrease in individual effort as group size increases.
o Cohesiveness- well unified
- Group think- when you feel a high pressure to conform and agree and are unwilling to realistically view alternatives
- Does social loafing promote group think? Or vice versa
o Social Loafing-↓in individual effort as group size↑
- Improve task meaningfulness
- Individual Accountability
- Reward contributions
- Social loafing can negatively impact decision making. As all group members don't participate or give input.