QUESTION 1: Culture is a dynamic social phenomenon and can be defined as:
a) representation of nationality, ethnicity or race including a complex system of leamed shared meaning and ideas
b) comprising of shared beliefs, values, attitudes, language, patterns of thought, communication, religion and knowledge evolving over time.
c) social practices, shared views and meanings identitying the members of a group while also distinguishing those of another group.
d) all of the above.
QUESTION 2: Recognising and using culturally appropriate and safe work practices is essential in nursing because:
a) we come into contact with culturally diverse clients and co-workers in the health care work environment.
b) in order to provide quality nursing care we must recognise and support the clients cultural belief system
c) culture Impacts health and well-being beliefs, and influences personal behaviours of individuals.
d) all of the above.
QUESTION 3: Identify the documents that specifically guide nurses in standards for professional practice and conduct that is culturally competent and appropriate in the work environment.
a) National Competency Standards for Enrolled Nurse
b) Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia & Code of Ethics for Nurses for Nurses in Australia
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) (a) onty
QUESTION 4: Australia is a multicultural society and is made up of people from different backgrounds. Cultural diversity in Australia may include differences arising from:
a) ethnicity, race, language, religion, beliefs and customs and beliefs.
b) kinship and family structures, relationships, gender and gender relationships.
c) age, disability, sexuality, personal experience and special needs.
d) all of the above.
QUESTION 5: In Australia multicultural practices in the workplace are upheld through:
a) Legislation, which aims a protect culturally diverse cliene and workers.
b) principles of equal employment opportunity, se, race, disability, antidiscrimination.
c) use of appropdate workplace practices to create culturally inclusive work environments.
d) all of the above.
QUESTION 6: Which of the following will ensure that you are applying non-harmful, culturally approprate and inclusive work practices in the workplace?
a) Non-discriminatory and free of bias work practices
b. Free of stereotyping or prejudice work practices
c. Equal employment opportunity
d. All of the above
QUESTION 7:
As nurses we must consider if our work practices are culturally appropriate in situations of:
a) dealing with clients of diverse gender, age, sexuality, care of deceased, family and carers.
b) provision of nursing care and asMstance, physical contact and handling personal belongings.
c) complying with duty of care, policies of organisation, communicating, collecting and providing Information.
d) all of the above,
QUESTION 8: Select the term that best describes this situation:
A nurse on the ward complained about a loud Russian female patient whose angry sounding tone of voice was perceived by the nurses as being too aggressive. Other nurses on the ward commented, "Yes, they are all like that - very domineering."
a) Stereotyping
b) Discrimination
c) Prejuidice
d) Bias
QUESTION 9: If Select the term that best describes this situation - A person or group is of the view or belief that their own culture is superior to other cultures and the other cultures are viewed with suspicion or as strange and even seen as 'us' and 'them'.
a) Ethnocentrism
b) Discrimination
c) Stereotyping
d) None of the above
QUESTION 10: Even though the concept of transcultural nursing has been around since the 1960s, barriers to cultural competence in nursing may be linked to:
a) disproportionate and lack of minority representation of different cultural groups among nurses.
b) nursing education, professional values and healthcare decision making orientations being entrenched in the western medical model,
c) unfamiliarity, limited cultural knowledge, racism, stressors in healthcare work environment and limited cultiral specific curricula.
d) all of the above.
QUESTION 11: An aged care facility with residents from diverse cultural background deaden to employ nursing staff from these particular different cultural backgrounds to participate in the residents' assessment and care. What type of specific strategy to eliminate harmful, bias and discrimination in the work environment is this initiative?
a) Establishing cross cultural work teams
b) Cultural employee representatives on committees in the workplace
c) Including employees/staff in decision making at various different levels
d) None of the above
QUESTION 12:
At a busy medical centre, a woman from a Muslim cultural background has come in for a blood pressure check and requests a female staff person to attend her. On the day, no female staff member is available. What is a possible acceptable alternative?
a. Deny the person tho service or care.
b. Tell the person she will have to wait for a female staff member
c. Offer the option that the husband be present.
d. Go ahead with the consultation
QUESTION 13. A new employee at your workplace requests prayer time at work, or a day for religious /spiritual retreat. What would be the most culturally appropriate response?
a) Review current work practices and modify to allow room for prayers, even if you do not believe in Mem yourself. This would be negotiated around organisational needs.
b) Tell the person that there is no time for prayers.
c) Only allow Me person to pray in their own time away from work.
d) None of the above.
QUESTION 14. Which one of the following approaches to cultural competence in women's healthcare is most appropriate for a nurse?
a) Learn everything possible about as many different cultures as you can.
b) Learn about cultural beliefs and practices that affect the women you care for most, in your work environment.
c) You should not concem yourself too much about specific customs and practices of Other cultures as you are working in a western health care environment.
d) You should view cultural beliefs and practices according to your own value system.
QUESTION 15: As more nurses from different cultures and language backgrounds enter the Australian workforce, it is important as health professionals that nurses:
a) become aware of their own values, beliefs and behaviours that impact the work environment
b) understand that diverse communication styes are influenced by culture.
c) understand that different work styles of people, are influenced by culture
d) recognise and understand all the above, as it impacts the work environment.
QUESTION 16: At a staff meeting, Ms, swell liked Australian nurse becomes annoyed at May, a quite and reserved Asian nurse, saying that May never contributes or speaks her mind at meetings and that she Iris has to come up with all the idea, May is very shocked at this outburst and thinks that lris is too informal and talkative, to the point of being rude and responds by saying that she is there to get the job done and not to discuss ideas. Which of the following terms best describes this situation?
a) Cross-cultural misunderstanding
b) Cultural misunderstanding
c) Cultural avoidance
d) None of the above
QUESTION 17: Issues that may cause cultural differences among staff in the work environment and create problems for communication and conflict include:
a) differences in work and communication styles.
b) differences in conflict management
c) differences in language and time orientation
d) All of the above
QUESTION 18: The following issues all have potential to cause cross cultural misunderstanding and conflict in a culturally diverse work environment, EXCEPT:
a) language
b) time orientation
c) person-centered strategies
d) gender and role relationships
QUESTION 19: Mrs Begaum arrives at a health centre with her granddaughter. Mrs Beguarn speaks only Arabic and her granddaughter informs the nurse that she has been complaining of stomach pain fore few days. Mrs Begaum is fully covered in a burkha with only her eyes and hands visible. What can the nurse do in order to avoid any misunderstandings or offending the client?
a) Tell the granddaughter to inform the patient that she will have to remove her burhka to be assessed.
b) Ask the centre manager for advise on how to sensitive,' address the patient's cultural needs.
c) Check if a bilingual female staff member is available to assist and interpret.
d) (a) and (b)
QUESTION 20: The nurses at a busy surgical unit are upset and complain to the nursing director. They object to the management style of their new supervisor, of middle-eastern origin. Their concem is that he issues directives without consulting or checking with the team. The supervisor is surprised when notified about this issue and responds by saying that he was in charge and it was his job to make sure that he directed staff on the ward to get the work done and keep things running smoothly. When the supervisor discusses this problem with the nursing director, she suggests that the problem has arisen because of cultural differences in working styles. What should be the appropriate course of action to be taken next, in terms of conflict resolution and negotiation in this situation?
a) The nursing director arranges a meeting with the supervisor and staff to discuss the misunderstanding.
b) The supervisor calls for a meeting with the staff only and directly discusses the issues.
c) At a staff meeting .a staff directly tell the supervisor how the feel.
d) None of the above.
QUESTION 21: Cultural differences can inadvertently create barriers to client care and in workplace interactions with clients and co-workers in the healthcare environment.
QUESTION 22: Some people may have different dietary requirements, preferences for eating implements and preferences for where food is eaten compared to what you are familiar with. You are assessing an older client's dietary preferences. The best way to check on a client's dietary needs is to ask their family.
QUESTION 23: Cultural awareness entails an understanding of how a person's culture influences their values, behaviours, beliefs, attitudes and basic assumptions.
QUESTION 24: Cultural perceptions about pain and variations in how patients express pain, are mainly due to differences in norms and beliefs about pain expression.
QUESTION 25: Sometimes behaviours such as avoiding direct eye contact, unresponsive or flat responses that can be considered as 'normal' in some cultures, are viewed as abnormal in Western society and may lead to misunderstandings.
QUESTION 26: Often contact arising from cross cultural misunderstanding can be sensitively and effectively resolved through mediation and assistance from an appropriate third party.
QUESTION 27: Strategies for working effectively in a culturally diverse work environment can be addressed at an individual person-centred level, by recognising and understanding the cultural needs of the person and more broadly at the organisational level through workplace policies and procedures.
QUESTION 28: Concepts that differ greatly to mainstream Australian culture include; the concept of modesty, physical contact, practices around death, dying and pain, health screening and wellness, decision making, practices around food and healthy eating. 0
QUESTION 29: It is okay to disregard cultural beliefs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients when they are admitted to the hospital or are having their care managed away from the community.
QUESTION 30: In the healthcare environment, work practices for care of deceased persons are the same for all clients irrespective of different cultural background.
QUESTION 31: Effective communication skills are important for health professionals to use when dealing with co-workers, clients and their families/carers and can help develop:
a) therapeutic relationships
b) mutual trust
c) confidence
d) all the above
QUESTION 32: In the health setting, when communicating with a woman from a different culture, a culturally competent line of questioning would encourage a woman to:
a) disregard her own cultural beliefs and place compete best in Me nurse.
b) keep her personal cultural beliefs antl practices private
c) share her cultural beliefs ancl practices with the nurse, in a trusting relationship.
d) show discomfort about cultural beliefs and practices that differ from mainstream healthcare.
QUESTION 33: If a nurse assesses that a client engages in a cultural practice that may cause harm, the best action to take is to:
a) gain the patient, cost, so contraindications to Me cultural practice can be discussed.
b) explain to Me patient Mat their practices are not allowed within tee Australian medical system.
c) refuse to treat the patent until May present evidence that they are discontinuing the cultural practice
d) allow the patient to continue the cultural practice. while receiving standard medical treatment.
QUESTION 34: a nurse caring for an elderly Pakistani patient notices that he has not been eating well lately and is concerned he may not be getting adequate nutrition. Due to the language barrier, the nurse is unable to understand why her client is not eating. suggest the appropriate communication strategy to apply in this situation.
a) Enquire an the ward if any staff speak the same language as the patent.
b) Request for an interpreter service to assist.
c) Contact the family and request assistance.
d) All of the above.
Question 35: Providing access to language assistance for healthcare clients from different cultural and non-English speaking backgrounds, is NOT considered to be:
a) an extra service that Is above What is required in healthcare.
b) part of expected cultural and linguistic oompetence in providing healthcare.
c) important under ethical and legal oonsiderations in providing healthcare.
d) a part of the contemporary model of health services.
QUESTION 36:
When choosing an interpreter, the most appropriate person for best possible healthcare communication outcomes is:
a) a professionally trained interpreter from the same cultural background.
b) a bilingual staff ens is able to speak the language.
c) a bilingual family member.
d) all the above.
QUESTION 37: A female nurse looking after a middle aged African male patient finds that the patient disregards her advice with dietary requirements during the hospital stay. Which of the following may be the most likely case in this situation?
a) In some societies men usually do whet they prefer
b) In some African societies it is considerred inappropriate for women to to men what to do.
c) The family brought in a lot of food
d) None of the above.
QUESTION 38: In Asian societies, the cultural aspects of role status and relationships, along with position, are very important and go beyond social self-worthiness and status. Which concept best describes this scenario?
a) concept of cultural syndrome
b) concept of face
c) concept of transculture
d) none of the above
Question 39:
A nurse admitting a South Indian woman, finds that the husband is responding to all the questions and describes the woman's symptoms. When you interrupt gently and directly ask the woman if she speaks English, the husband responds a bit annoyed, 'of course she does, she studied in English'. Which of the following responses would promote confidence and trust in the nurse/client relationship, whilst being the desired course of action for the nurse to take?
a) Accept that you are dealing will a culturally influenced behaviour continue the assessment.
b) Accept that YOU are dealing with a domineering husband and request that want to conduct