Assignment task:
JAKARTA - Jakarta housewife Anggi Yukaesa has adopted more eco-friendly habits in the past few years, going for product refills to retain the use of the same bottle, for instance. Refilling has also allowed her to buy seasonings such as salt and basil from a bulk store in small amounts, rather than big packages. "This is basically driven by my awareness to reduce plastic waste. I believe I can aim for less waste," the34-year old mother of two told The Straits Times. "It also has an economic impact as I can buy only as much goods as I need." "Usually I need only 50g as I don't consume that much," Ms Anggi said. Comparing the "buyas-you-need" approach with purchasing food ingredients in bigger packages at regular stores, she added: "We can use the products for only one year or two at most before the expiry date comes up." Early this year, housewife Ghea Askara, another Jakarta resident, started ordering household products - such as laundry and dish-washing detergent, disinfectant and coconut oil - from a refill home-delivery service, via WhatsApp. This adds to other eco-friendly practices that her family has adopted over the years, including separating recycled items such as paper from other waste. "It really helps to decrease my plastic waste," said the 38-year-old mother of two. "If I buy these items atsupermarkets, I can get them only in packages of 750ml or 1 litre. With the refill service, I can buy as much as 5 litres using my own jerry cans." By refilling, she can also enjoy price savings of at least 10 per cent compared with the packaged items, Ms Ghea said. Ms Anggi and Ms Ghea are among Indonesians whose growing environmental awareness has led them to change their lifestyles. They also help drive the expansion of eco-friendly businesses, such as package-free bulk store Saruga Indonesia and home refill service start-up Siklus. At Saruga Indonesia, which was founded in 2018 and is located in Bintaro, South Jakarta, refills of items such as soap, shampoo, liquid detergent, soya bean sauce and cooking oil cost about 10 per cent less than in regular stores. End of Trimester 2A, 2022 MGMT2004 Business and Sustainable Development Page 2 of 3 Consumers can also find eco-friendly accessories, from stainless straws to reusable cloth pads. While fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) are supplied by the Indonesian subsidiary of multinational company Unilever, the rest are made by small and medium-sized enterprises. "In this store, we prioritise non-plastic packaged products. It provides consumers with an alternative,"Saruga co-founder Ridha Zaki told ST. Indonesia has struggled with a rapidly surging amount of plastic waste. Last year, the world's fourth most-populous nation of more than 270 million people generated 11.6 million tonnes of plastic waste, representing 17 per cent of its annual waste, according to the Environment Ministry. A report released by the World Bank last year showed the country produces about 7.8 million tonnes of plastic waste annually. Such waste fouls many rivers and ends up at sea, where items such as bottles and food packets wash up along coastlines across the vast archipelago, which is the second largest marine polluter after China. Saruga plans to open eight more refill stations - in Jakarta, Bogor in West Java and Cilegon in Banten - by the end of this year. Some stations, to be located in densely populated areas where there is a massive amount of plastic waste, will be run by local neighbourhood units, said Mr Zaki. Saruga also seeks to expand across greater Jakarta, intending to open around 100 stores and stations over the next few years. Siklus partners with 11 FMCG producers and offers refill services for personal care and home cleaning products. Founded in 2020 and funded by venture capitalists, the company relies on around 20 motorists to take items from liquid soap to cooking oil to customers' homes in Jakarta and its satellites - Depok, Tangerangand Bekasi. Buyers can order via its app, which has been downloaded by 74,000 people, including about 4,000 who buy monthly, or WhatsApp. Siklus, which literally means "cycle", is developing a retail platform to reach out to customers beyond the regions it now serves, in addition to taking on more partners and products. "What we see on the ground is that nobody does not know the dangers of plastic to the environment. But why are they still accustomed to using plastic only once? It's because they don't have options," said Siklus' head of operations Laksamana Sakti. "Siklus provides customers with an option to slash down the consumption of single-use plastic."
Identify at least FIVE key stakeholders mentioned in the above case and critically discuss their reactive and (potential) proactive interests.