Question 1
According to the majority of sociologists, today, deviance no longer exists.
True
False
Question 2
Nearly all people today believe in the axiom, "live and let live"; they do not make evaluations of others on the basis of their behavior.
True
False
Question 3
"Situational" deviance is a society-wide attribute which applies in all social circles in a given society.
True
False
Question 4
Some deviant beliefs are factually correct.
True
False
Question 5
Most sociologists of deviance argue that:
A.Since it is unfair to label someone with a physical handicap as a deviant, having a physical handicap is not regarded as deviant.
B.Since lying and committing adultery are extremely common, lying and committing adultery are not regarded as forms of deviance.
C.Since everything can be deviant, deviance is a meaningless concept
D.none of the above
Question 6
To the sociologist of deviance, when considering whether something is deviant or not, the most relevant question is:
A.Does it violate human nature?
B.How do relevant audiences feel about it and react to it?
C.How uncommon or statistically infrequent is it?
D.How does God feel about it?
Question 7
One lesson we learn from the account, "A Computer Pirate Tells His Story," is that:
A. Deviant behavior often has its own intrinsic rewards; much of it is exciting, interesting, challenging, and/or satisfying to engage in.
B. Enactors of deviant behavior are "versatile"; if they engage in deviance in one area of life, they are almost certainly going to do so in most other areas as well.
C. Any action that generates positive reactions in some audiences cannot be
regarded as deviant.
D. none of the above
Question 8
Sociologically, deviance takes place or exists:
A.everywhere and anywhere people engage in behavior, hold and express beliefs, and possess traits that others regard as unacceptable or reprehensible
B.only among the marginal, disreputable segments of the society
C.only in the private, secret corners of the society
D.none of the above
Question 9
Excluded from Goffman's concept of "blemishes of individual character" is:
A. treacherous and rigid beliefs
B. alcoholism
C. physical incapacitation
D. mental disorder
Question 10
"Routine activities" theory focuses mainly on opportunities to commit criminal behavior.
True
False
Question 11
Differential association theory is primarily an explanation based on learning.
True
False
Question 12
Positivism's central mission is:
A. devising scientific explanations for phenomena.
B. understanding the human experience.
C. developing empathy toward human actors.
D. predicting positive outcomes of social situations.
Question 13
A sociologist expressing which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Poor, dense, mixed-use neighborhoods have high transience rates. . . . Transience weakens . . . both formal and informal social control," which increases the likelihood of deviant behavior."
A.social control theory
B.differential association theory
C.routine activities theory
D.social disorganization theory
Question 14
Robert K. Merton adapted Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie to devise his own explanation of deviance. There are major differences between the two theories.
A.In Durkheim's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; in Merton's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak.
B.In Merton's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; in Durkheim's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak.
C.In both Durkheim's and Merton's theories, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak; the difference lies elsewhere.
D.In both Durkheim's and Merton's theories, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; the difference lies elsewhere.
Question 15
Which of Merton's "adaptations" is exemplified by becoming a drug addict?
A.rebellion
B.innovation
C.retreatism
D.ritualism
Question 16
What is the central explanatory factor of self-control theory?
A.inadequate parenting
B.deviant socialization
C.absence of bonds to conventional society
D.a disjunction between the culture, which stresses success motivation, and society's social and economic structure
Question 17
Which of the following theories is most likely to take the entire society as its unit of analysis?
A.social control theory
B.routine activities theory
C.anomie theory
D.social disorganization theory
Question 18
Positivist theories see deviance as a type of action; constructionist theories see deviance as a type of infraction.
True
False
Question 19
Labeling or interactionist theory has focused mainly or exclusively on why certain types of people engage in deviant behavior.
True
False
Question 20
Feminist theorists of deviance have charged that the field, as a general rule and until very recently, has regarded:
A.both the deviance of men and the deviance of women have been seen as specialized deviance.
B.both the deviance of women and the deviance of men have been seen as deviance in general.
C.the deviance of women as deviance in general, while the deviance of men has been seen as specialized deviance.
D.the deviance of men as deviance in general, while the deviance of women has been seen as specialized deviance.
Question 21
The theory or perspective that contradicts or contrasts most sharply with conflict theory is:
A.consensus theory
B.symbolic interactionism
C.feminism
D.labeling theory
Question 22
Which of the following questions would a labeling or interactionist theorist be most likely to ask?
A.Why don't some people engage in deviant behavior?
B.What happens when after someone is condemned or stigmatized as a deviant?
C.Whyare rates of deviance higher in some societies than in others?
D.What is the social class distribution of deviant behavior?
Question 23
Controlology, or the "new sociology of social control," was influenced most by the French philosopher Michel Foucault, who argues that in the modern era, social control is:
A.necessary and positive in its impact.
B.equitable, fostering equality in modern society.
C.less powerful, less coercive, and less tyrannical than in past centuries.
D.none of the above
Question 24
The central, guiding, foundational concept in all constructionist perspectives toward deviance is:
A.pathology
B.social control
C.objectivism
D.etiology
Question 25
Conflict theorists argue that the criminal law:
A.is enforced against members of all categories and classes fairly and equally.
B.is supported, endorsed, and regarded as fair and legitimate by the majority of all classes and categories of the society in more or less equal proportion.
C.tends to represent the beliefs, lifestyle, and/or economic interests of the most powerful segments of the society.
D.is enacted mainly to protect the society from harm.