Question: When certain quantities are measured, the last digits tend to be uniformly distributed, but if they are estimated or reported, the last digits tend to have disproportionately more 0s and 5s. The table below is based on counts of the last digits in a set of weights reported for a sample of 80 people. Conduct an appropriate hypothesis test to assess the claim that the digits come from a population where they each have the same probability of occurring. Does it appear that these weights were measured or estimated?
Last Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 10 7 4 11 6 10 5 9 10 8
(a) State the relevant null and alternative hypotheses.
(b) Calculate the appropriate test statistic. (By hand or using JMP.)
(c) Determine the p-value. (Using tables, probability calculator software or from JMP output.)
(d) Give a decision about the null hypothesis.
(e) Make an appropriate conclusion.