Buffer solutions are highly useful in various biological


Aim -

To understand the fundamentals of thermochemistry and electrochemistry and its application in engineering problems.

Learning Outcomes

- Describe the basics of electrochemistry, ionic equilibria.
- Describe the basics of volumetric analysis, analytical instruments and electrochemistry.

Task 1: Buffer solutions are highly useful in various biological and industrial applications. Discuss application of suitable buffer solutionused in 2 industries.

Answer should includetechnical discussion on working principle, importance and related chemical reactions, facts and images etc.

Task 2: Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes. Discuss 2 cases where Hess's law can be applied to calculate enthalpies of reactions that are difficult to measure directly.

Answer should include technical discussion on chemicalreaction, data and explanations.

Task 3: Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, most commonly for decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of a metal.Explain complete process of electroplating by taking a suitable example from electroplating industry.

Answer should include a neatly labelled diagram, discussion on selection of electrolyte, suitable electrodes, surface preparation, bath preparation, chemical reaction etc.

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Chemistry: Buffer solutions are highly useful in various biological
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