1) . What do the layers of peat buried along the coast in every single bay all along Cascadia indicate?
a. Past tsunamis (the sand layer is a tsunami sand sheet)
b. Land level changes that happened in a few short minutes
c. Sea level changes that happened slowly over time
d. Ghost forests from native American villages
e. All of these
f. A and B
2). Use your own logic to choose the most important proxy (indicator) for the overall potential of a damaging tsunami. Specifically focus on hazards due to ocean impact of a bolide (asteroid or comet):
a. Current rates of terrestrial cratering, which suggest that over ~8000 major oceanic craters could have formed over the past 3.5 billion years.
b. Currently ~160 meteorite impact craters have been identified on the Earth's surface, but only seven of these craters are found in the modern ocean.
c. Given the lack of historical analogues and unequivocal impact-related tsunami deposits, numerical simulations provide the most reliable forecasts.
3) . Based on the average recurrence interval and timing of the most recent earthquake, how overdue is a full rupture of the Cascadia subduction zone?
a. 33 years
b. 37 years
c. 70 years
d. 73 years
e. 93 years
4). Indicate the highest magnitude, historical megathrust earthquake.
a. Japan, 2011
b. Indonesia, 2004
c. Alaska, 1964
d. Chile, 1960
5). What is the consequence of the lack of small or moderate sized earthquakes along Cascadia over the past 200 years?
a. unreinforced masonry buildings by the thousands
b. ~300 bridges built without codes
c. 1000 unreinforced masonry schools
d. entire communities built on sandbars in rivers and bays, at or near sea level
e. all of these