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Attachment in family and community contexts
Attachment relationships between infants and parents do not develop in a vacuum. They are embedded in family and community contexts, which can influence attachment development. One context that affects the child's attachment to parents is the relationship between the mother and the father. A secure attachment is more likely when parents have a happy marriage (Belsky & Fearon, 2008; Fearon & Belsky, 2016; Thompson, 2016). Socioeconomic status is another contextual factor that influences the quality of children's attachments. In low-income families, attachment relationships are more likely to be insecure. Economic and emotional risks associated with poverty- including not having enough food, living in a rough neighborhood, experiencing domestic violence, and using alcohol and drugs-reduce maternal sensitivity and in turn increase the likelihood that infants will develop insecure attachments (Raikes & Thompson, 2005). The more risks there are, the more likely this outcome. For example, researchers have found that in very poor families, when mothers were less sensitive toward their children and the children were undernourished as well, 93 percent of the children developed insecure attachments compared with only 50 percent of adequately nourished children from low-income families (Valenzuela, 1997). Need Assignment Help?