1. All of the following are good ways to improve memory EXCEPT
a. Elaborately encode information
b. Focus on aspects of the material that will be irrelevant later
c. Connect the new information to what you already know
d. Think about the material often
2. What is(are) the main difference(s) between short-term and long-term memory?
a. Short-term memory holds visual information only
b. Short-term memory holds less information for a shorter amount of time
c. Long-term memory holds less information
d. Long-term memory processes visual information only
3. What does research say about study sessions distributed over time versus massed or crammed study sessions?
a. Which method is better depends mostly on the type of student
b. The effects vary widely among individuals
c. Cramming is best for most college students
d. Distributed studying is best
4.As Rochelle took her anatomy exam, she tried to remember the definition of muscle . Rochelle's recall of the definition is an example of utilizing what type of memory?
a. Semantic
b. Episodic
c. Modality-specific
d. Short-term
5.Sometimes, forgetting occurs because of the disruption caused by the presence of other information. This is called ___.
a. intentional forgetting
b. decay
c. interference
d. encoding failure
6.One way that recognition differs from recall is that
a. Recognition requires some stimulus input
b. Recall requires some stimulus input
c. Recognition always comes after recall
d. Recall is often easier than recognition
7.In Sperling's classic sensory memory experiment, outlined in your book, when did the subject hear the tone?
a. Before the stimulus items were presented
b. At the same time the stimulus items were presented
c. After the stimulus items were presented but before they were removed
d. After the stimulus items were removed
8.Memory relies on three fundamental types of processes which are:
a. Short-term memory, sensory memory, and long-term memory
b. Working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
c. Encoding, storage and retrieval
d. Elaborative encoding, visual memory, and procedural memory
9.According to Freud, what is a repressed memory?
a. A false memory
b. Memories of previous lives
c. An emotionally threatening memory pushed out of consciousness
d. Anterograde amnesia
10.What effect do genes have on memory?
a. They have no effect
b. Each memory must have a specific gene
c. Storing new memories depends on the action of specific genes
d. Genes block the action of the amygdala
11. People tend to learn better when they are tested in the environment in which they learned the material. The idea that memory is better when people are given cues that were present during learning is called ____
a. The encoding specificity principle
b. Social learning
c. Hypermnesia
d. The single-cue effect
12. One reason for the sharp drop at the beginning of the memory curve shown in your book is that information is lost shortly after learning. This is most likely due to ___.
a. source amnesia
b. decay
c. interference
d. encoding failure
13.In using acronyms for remembering information, you are utilizing what aspect of mnemonics?
a. Merely reducing the amount of information
b. Organizing information so that you can link it up with what you already know
c. Rote memorization
d. Creating multiple memories
14.What effect does long-term potentiation have on the sending and receiving neurons for future communication?
a. The sending neuron must send more neurotransmitters
b. The sending neuron needs to send less neurotransmitters
c. The receiving neuron must send more neurotransmitters
d. The connection is weakened each time
15.Modality-specific memory stores retain input from ______.
a. several integrated sensory systems
b. a single sense or processing system
c. the semantic and episodic memory systems
d. low-, medium-, and high-modality systems
16.One way to distinguish a false memory from a true one is to pay close attention to perceptual details and other properties of the situation. This is called ____.
a. reality monitoring
b. intentional forgetting
c. explicit forgetting
d. source monitoring
17.Failure to remember something could be a consolidation failure, which means that the ___
a. memories were not converted to structural changes in the brain
b. information was not encoded to begin with
c. memories are blocked by competing memories
d. parts were assembled in the wrong order
18.Encoding is the process of ________
a. Organizing and transforming incoming information
b. Retaining information in memory
c. Digging information out of memory
d. Comparing new and old