Does uniform color give athletes an advantage over their competitors? To investigate this question, Hill and Barton (Nature, 2005) examined the records in the 2004 Olympic Games for four combat sports: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling, and freestyle wrestling. Competitors in these sports were randomly assigned to wear either a red or a blue uniform. The researchers investigated whether competitors wearing one color won significantly more often than those wearing the other color. They analyzed results for a total of 457 matches. Of these, red won the match 248 times, while blue won 209 times.
a) Identify the observational units.
b) Use a calculator to determine the exact binomial one-sided p-value.