1.Any factor that is associated with the independent variable and that is not purposely introduced by the researcher is considered a ____ error
| subject |
| random |
| testing |
| confounding |
An experimental finding that is easily demonstrated in the laboratory but not in the real world suffers from a problem with ____ validity.
| internal |
| external |
| construct |
| statistical |
External validity refers to the extent to which
| research results can be generalized to other situations |
| the experimenter unintentionally communicates his or her expectations to the participants |
| historical events occurred that accompanied one or more of the experimental treatments |
| the observed relationship is a true cause-effect relationship |
If a researcher asks, "Can we be sure that the observed relationship between the independent and dependent variables represents a true cause-effect relationship?" then the researcher is concerned about ____ validity
| internal |
| construct |
| external |
|
statistical
|