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How do cultural influences affect the person's values or norms? How does the person's group membership affect their behavior or opportunities?
Why should the researchers not conclude that it is the ambiguity of the situation that caused the difference?
In what ways may experimenters unwittingly communicate their expectations to research participants, and what techniques can they use to avoid doing so?
How are manipulation checks and confound checks used to help interpret the results of an experiment?
What are the techniques by which experimenters attempt to control extraneous variables within an experimental design?
What are extraneous and confounding variables? Which type of variable is most dangerous to the statistical conclusion validity?
What are some common artifacts in experimental research, and how can they produce confounding?
What are some methods of controlling for extraneous variables in experimental research designs?
What is meant by confounding? Why does confounding reduce an experiment's internal validity?
Make predictions about what patterns of main effects and interactions you would expect to observe in each of the following factorial designs.
Draw a schematic diagram of the experiment. Indicate the name of each of the factors, the levels of each of the factors, and the dependent variable.
What are time-series research designs, and how are they used to learn about changes in behavior over time?
What is regression to the mean, and why is it a threat to the validity of research designs in which random assignment has not been used?
What techniques can be used to minimize these potential interpretive problems? What are the most important threats to validity that occur in quasi experimental?
What are the most important threats to validity that occur in quasi-experimental research designs when individuals are not randomly assigned to groups?
What are quasi-experimental research designs, and when are they used in behavioral research?
Explain what is a quasi-experimental research design? When are such designs used, and why?
Develop a conceptual replication and a constructive replication that investigate the expected boundary conditions for the original relationship.
Identify the purpose of the replication and the type of replication that was used. What are the important findings of the research?
Why it never possible to know whether research finding will generalize to all populations of individuals? How do behavioral scientists deal with this problem?
What is the purpose of review papers and meta-analyses? What are the differences between the two?
What is the purpose of replication? What are the differences among exact, conceptual, and constructive replications?
How does ecological validity help increase confidence that an experiment will generalize to other research settings?
In what ways are experimental research designs preferable to correlational or descriptive designs? What are the limitations of experimental designs?