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identification of decision packages - zero base budgetingeach manager should break down his decision unit into smaller decision packages top manager
explain decision unit - zero base budgetingdecision units an organization is divided among decision units the manager of the decision unit justifies
categories of zero base budgeting the preceding discussion will reveal that zero base budgeting is based primarily on1 development of decision units2
introduction of zero base budgetingsteps involved in the introduction of zero base budgeting1 corporate objectives should be established and laid
application of zero base budgetingin the following areas zbb may be applied1 redundant schemes may be discontinued2 identify the duplicate schemes
advantages of zero base budgeting1 it provides a basis for evaluating decision packages on the basis of benefit considerations2 it reduces
disadvantages of zero base budgeting1 it is not suitable for all the activities in an organization2 it has limited application in a profit making
definition of cost reductioncost reduction is planned positive approach to reducing expenditure cost reduction exercises are planned campaigns to cut
normal 0 false false false en-in x-none x-none microsoftinternetexplorer4 what is the meaning cost reduction now a day
characteristics of cost reduction1 cost reduction must be real said through increase in productivity change in product design improvement in
determine the scope and areas of cost reductionscope and areas of cost reduction the scope of cost reduction is so wide that it is not practicable to
improvement in product design may result in cost reduction illustrated below1 material cost change in design of the product may result in saving in
difficulties in cost reduction1 resistance by employees to pressure to reduce cost usually because the nature and purpose of the campaign has not
explain kaizen costing it is a japanese method used to manage cost during a product s planning and design stages and has been used by some japanese
what is kaizenkaizen is the japanese term for continuous improvement the kaizen concept was pioneered by in japan by toyota as daily challenge to all
advantages of kaizen costing1 record individual tasks2 instantly replay observation3 select and use best practice4 categorize activities using kaizen
explain the terms - maintenance and improvementmaintenance under the maintenance function the management must first establish policies rules
kaizen and managementmanagement has two major components1 maintenance2 improvementthe aim of the maintenance function is to maintain current
what have to focus on traditional standard costing in traditional cost systems focus is to meet standard cost measurement by avoiding unfavorable
what procedure are followed in kaizen costingin brief kaizen costing involves setting a new cost reduction target every month the difference between
explain quality control and total quality control quality control qc circles can be viewed as a group oriented suggestion system for making
suggestion system the suggestion system is as integral part of an established management system that aims at involving employees in kaizen the
stages of the suggestion system1 encouragement in the first stage management should make every effort to help the workers provide suggestion no
explain activities uses through activities based costingin order to correctly associate costs with products and services abc assigns cost to
define activities based costing by horngrenaccording to horngren abc is a system that focuses on activities as fundamental cost object and utilizes