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benefits ordinary share capital - financingbenefits of using ordinary share capital in the financingthey facilitate projects particularly long-term
reasons for why ordinary share capital is attractivereasons for why ordinary share capital is attractive despite to be riskyshares are used as
rights of ordinary shareholdersa right to vote choose bod purchasesales of assetsb influence decisions as right to residual assets claim right to
private limited companiesthese are not permitted to advertise their shares so like to attract public money and so that they sell their shares
public limited companiesthese are joint stock companies that have sold shares to specific public and thus have attracted public money in form of
revenue reserves - retained earningsthese are undistributed earnings those reserves are retained for the given reasons likea to create up for the
holding companysuch holds more than a half of the equity share capital of other company or is a member and or controls a big percentage of directors
eye field - vertebrate eyethe development of eyes starts with evagination of the lateral wall of the forebrain one on each side which make the optic
disadvantage of joint stock companies difficult to reconstruct the capital many formalities in forming the company heavy initial capital outlay loss
advantage of joint stock companies the company can own assets and incur liabilities on its own accord perpetual existence as or going to relate that
joint stock companies - types of business organisationsinitiators contribute to the capital support of those companies via the purchase of shares of
types of partners1 general partners -unlimited active and liability in participation in partnership activities2 limited partners - limited liability
partnerships - types of business organisationsdefinationthe relationship that exists with persons carrying on a business in common by a view of
advantage and disadvantage of sole proprietorshipadvantage of sole proprietorship high supervision of employees income motivate owner sole trade
characteristics of sole proprietorshipa it caters for customers personal attentionb accounts do not must be auditedc limited to such finances like
risk-return trade-offmost financial decisions comprise alternative courses of action the choices have different returns and risk as like example
head office and branch or subsidiarymnc has diverse operations set up in dissimilar geographical locations the hq acts like the principal and the
solutions to the conflict - relationship between auditors and shareholders1 firingthe auditors may be detached from office at the agm via the
agency relationship between auditors and shareholdersshareholders appoint auditors as per the provisions of section 1591-6 of the companies act the
solution to the agency conflictthe government can acquire the following actions to protect itself and its interests 1 acquire monitoring costseg the
agency relationship between government and the shareholdersshareholders and via extension the company they own operate within the environment
solutions to agency problemthe bondholders might receive the following procedures to protect themselves from the process of the shareholders that
restrictive bond or debt covenantin this case the debenture holders will impose strict conditions and terms on the borrower these restrictions may
actions of shareholders in agency conflicta disposal of assets required like collateral for the debt in thisin this case the bondholder is exposed to
important points for shareholders and creditors 1 in raising capital the borrowing firm will constantly question the financial securities in form of